Physical Fitness and Mental Health of Indonesian University Students in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Descriptive Perspective
Abstract
Physical fitness and mental health are among the most important elements influencing student success. However, sports science students' physical performance and mental wellbeing have received much too little consideration. This study aimed to obtain empirical data on university students' physical performance and mental health after the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted physical and mental health. This study determined the impact of the pandemic on the physical fitness and mental health of university students. This empirical study was conducted at two universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected in August 2023. Four hundred university students completed the self-administered survey. Three hundred thirty-seven students completed the survey in full. 70.6% were undergraduate students, the average semester was 3.8, and the average age was 22. 35.8% were female students and 64.2% were male students. The findings indicate that the student's physical fitness and their mental health is moderate. These results are relevant to regional and international audiences, as university students face similar physical and mental challenges after the pandemic and related public health interventions. Low-threshold initiatives are needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. These may include interventions to strengthen students' sense of control, belonging, relaxation, mindfulness, and counseling services. Gender differences need to be addressed.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aboshkair, K., Amri, S., Kok, L.-Y., Samah, B., Serdang, U. P. M., Ehsan, S., Campus, A.-J., UOB, Baghdad, & Iraq. (2012). Factors Affecting Levels of Health-Related Physical Fitness in Secondary School Students in Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences. 8, 202–216. https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.01.32
Adrian Bauman 1 Tien Chey, Cora L Craig, Barbara E Ainsworth, James F Sallis, Heather R Bowles, Maria Hagstromer, Michael Sjostrom, Michael Pratt, IPS Group, F. B. (2009). The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: Results from 20 Countries. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6(21), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-21
Ahmad, F., Jhajj, A. K., Stewart, D. E., Burghardt, M., & Bierman, A. S. (2014). Single item measures of self-rated mental health: A scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 398. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-398
Ai, X., Yang, J., Lin, Z., & Wan, X. (2021). Mental Health and the Role of Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 759987. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759987
Aljehani, N., Razee, H., Ritchie, J., Valenzuela, T., Bunde-Birouste, A., & Alkhaldi, G. (2022). Exploring Female University Students’ Participation in Physical Activity in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(March), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.829296
Amana, D. R., Wilson, W., & Hermawati, E. (2021). Hubungan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat depresi pada mahasiswa tahun kedua Program Studi Kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura. Jurnal Cerebellum, 6(4), 94. https://doi.org/10.26418/jc.v6i4.47800
Anderson, E., & Shivakumar, G. (2013). Effects of exercise and physical activity on anxiety. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4(APR), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00027
Andrini, S., & Surasmi, R. (2022). Menjaga Kesehatan Mental Di Kenormalan Baru Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. SHARE “SHaring - Action - REflection,” 8(1), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.9744/share.8.1.55-64
Anshel, M. H., & Sutarso, T. (2010). Conceptualizing maladaptive sport perfectionism as a function of gender. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 4(4), 263–281. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.4.4.263
Augustsson, S. R., Bersås, E., Magnusson Thomas, E., Sahlberg, M., Augustsson, J., & Svantesson, U. (2009). Gender differences and reliability of selected physical performance tests in young women and men. Advances in Physiotherapy, 11(2), 6470.
Bukhorf, B. (2006). Student Mental Health Viewed From Religiousity And Meaningfulness Of Life. Psychology, X(July).
Chtourou, H., Trabelsi, K., H’Mida, C., Boukhris, O., Glenn, J. M., Brach, M., Bentlage, E., Bott, N., Jesse Shephard, R., Ammar, A., & Luigi Bragazzi, N. (2020). Staying physically active during the quarantine and self-isolation period for controlling and mitigating the covid-19 pandemic: A systematic overview of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01708
Churiyah, M., Sholikhan, S., Filianti, F., & Sakdiyyah, D. A. (2020). Indonesia Education Readiness Conducting Distance Learning in Covid-19 Pandemic Situation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(6), 491.
Coakley, K. E., Lardier, D. T., Holladay, K. R., Amorim, F. T., & Zuhl, M. N. (2021). Physical Activity Behavior and Mental Health Among University Students During COVID-19 Lockdown. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3(July 2021), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.682175
Creswell, W. J., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative adn Mixed Methods Approaches. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53, Issue 9). file:///C:/Users/Harrison/Downloads/John W. Creswell & J. David Creswell - Research Design_ Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (2018).pdf%0Afile:///C:/Users/Harrison/AppData/Local/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Creswell, Cr
Huang, C., & City, K. (2023). The effects of coach autonomy support , sports mental training , experiential avoidance , and sports anxiety among badminton college athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(9), 2513–2522. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.09289
Jowett, S., & Cramer, D. (2010). The prediction of young athletes’ physical self from perceptions of relationships with parents and coaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.10.001
Karaman, M. A., Vela, J. C., & Eşici, H. (2020). Middle school students’ academic motivation in Turkey: Levels of perfectionism and self-efficacy. Middle School Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2020.1814624
Kinser, P. A., & Lyon, D. E. (2014). A conceptual framework of stress vulnerability, depression, and health outcomes in women: Potential uses in research on complementary therapies for depression. Brain and Behavior, 4(5), 665–674. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.249
Liu, X., & Zhou, T. (2000). Biomechanical analysis on run-up and take-off in women’s pole vault. Proceedings of XVIII International Symposium on Biomechanics in Sports, Hong Kong, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000, 305–308.
Maksum, A., & Indahwati, N. (2023). Personality traits, environment, and career stages of top athletes: An evidence from outstanding badminton players of Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(3), e13779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13779
Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical activity and sports—real health benefits: A review with insight into the public health of sweden. Sports, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127
Marlissa, D., Hiskya, H., & Rahail, R. (2022). Analysis of the Physical Fitness Level of Elementary School Students in terms of Participation in Activities Extracurricular. SHS Web of Conferences, 149, 1006. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214901006
Marpaung, Y. M. (2022). Nursing Diploma Student Mental Health and the Need for Effort Comprehensive Health Promotion : Studies in a Pandemic Situation Mental health of diploma nursing students and the need for comprehensive health promotion efforts : a study in the pandemic situ. 28(2), 141–151.
Nugroho, B. Y. S., Iqbal, M., & Haikal, H. (2022). Gangguan Kesehatan Mental Pada Mahasiswa selama Penerapan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 21(1), 19–24. https://doi.org/10.33221/jikes.v21i1.1565
Nurani, S. (2021). The Quran and Mental Health in Post-Pandemic Era. MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.24090/maghza.v6i2.5711
Pavlović, R., Milivojević, M., & Gerdijan, N. (2022). Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Fitness Profile of Serbian Cyclist Milan Milivojević: Case Study. In European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (Vol. 7, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejpe.v7i6.4139
Redondo-Flórez, L., Ramos-Campo, D. J., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2022). Relationship between Physical Fitness and Academic Performance in University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214750
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2014). Academic self-efficacy. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-06439-008
Scott, S. B., Graham-Engeland, J. E., Engeland, C. G., Smyth, J. M., Almeida, D. M., Katz, M. J., Lipton, R. B., Mogle, J. A., Munoz, E., Ram, N., & Sliwinski, M. J. (2015). The Effects of Stress on Cognitive Aging, Physiology and Emotion (ESCAPE) Project. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0497-7
Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive Psychology: An Introduction. Springer, 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-0179088-8_18
Shirmohammadi, M., Au, W. C., & Beigi, M. (2022). Remote work and work-life balance: Lessons learned from the covid-19 pandemic and suggestions for HRD practitioners. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2047380
Singh, J., Steele, K., & Singh, L. (2021). Combining the Best of Online and Face-to-Face Learning: Hybrid and Blended Learning Approach for COVID-19, Post Vaccine, & Post-Pandemic World. In Journal of Educational Technology Systems (Vol. 50, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211047865
Stratford, J. (1998). Women and men in conversation: A consideration of therapists’ interruptions in therapeutic discourse. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(4), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00094
Suwijik, S. P., & Qurrota, A. (2022). The Influence of Mental Health in Efforts Repairing and Optimizing Quality Women ’ s Life. 1(2), 109–123.
Vieira, M. M. da S., & Barbosa, S. M. (2020). School Culture and Innovation: Does the Post-Pandemic World COVID-19 Invite to Transition or to Rupture? European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 7(2), 23. https://doi.org/10.26417/922sju94c
Wolf, S., Seiffer, B., Zeibig, J. M., Welkerling, J., Brokmeier, L., Atrott, B., Ehring, T., & Schuch, F. B. (2021). Is Physical Activity Associated with Less Depression and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Rapid Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 51(8), 1771–1783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01468-z
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v11i4.5611
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.