Factors Causing the Development of the Endowment in Safavid Dynasty

Mohammad Sadeq Jamshidirad, Mohammad Taher Yaghoubi, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Husseini, Hussein Jamshidirad

Abstract


The tradition of the endowment is one of the activities having existed in all human societies from past to now.  In Iran, this tradition was seen as a belief from ancient civilization. It is developed and flourished in Safavid dynasty so that, in Isfahan (Iran), the endowed estate is found everywhere. The endowment is so important that public, rich people and imperial family participated in this tradition and endowed their properties. This study has aimed to answer this question: what reasons and factors developed the endowment and what is the role of endowment in Safavid time? To do so, library and descriptive-analytic methods were used in this study.


Keywords


Endowment; Safavid; Endowment Letter; Culture; Civilization

Full Text:

PDF

References


The Holy Qur'an

Abdolhussein Sina. “History of endowement in Isfahan”. Iran: Isfahan endowment office.1967.

Al-Hurr al-Amili.” Wasa’il al-Shia”. Qom, Iran: al-al-Beyt institute. 1993.

Allameh Helli.” Sharay’ al-Islam”. Qom, Iran: Ismaeelian institute. 1987.

Allameh Majlisi. “Bihar al-Anwar”. Beirut, Lebanon: al-Resala institute.

Amid Dictionary. Tehran(Iran): Amirkabir publication.

Amin Heravi.” Imperial conquests”. Tehran, Iran: Cultural Work. 1961.

Bibliography of the Endowment. Tehran(Iran): Javidan publication.

Dehkhoda Dictionary. Tenran(Iran): University of Tehran Press.

Ebn Bazzaz .”Safvat as-safa”. Tabriz,Iran:Majd press. 1967.

Fazlollah Hamedani. “endowment letter of Rabe Rashidi”. Tabriz, Iran: Shir press.

Feyz Kashani.”Tafsir-e-Safi “. Tehran, Iran: Al-sadr institute.

Hassan Beg Rumlu.” Ahsan Al-Tawarikh”.

Ibn Abu-Jomhoor. “Awali al-Laali”. Qom (Iran): Seyyed al-Shohada Publication. 1982.

Ibn Ḥayyūn. “Daim al-Islam”. Qom(Iran): Al-Al-Beyt Institution. 2006.

Ibn Shar Ashub Mazandarani. “Manaqib Ale Abi Talib”. Qom (Iran): Allame Press Center. 1997.

Jean Baptist.“Travelogue of Tavernier”. Tehran, Iran: Sanaee press.1990.

John Foran.” Fragile Resistance: Social Transformation”. Tehran, Iran: Rasa Institute.

Minorsky.”Endomnet: eternal heritage”. Qom,Iran: quarterly(printed). 1993.

Mirza Ismaeel. “Tazkera-al-mulook”. Tehran, Iran: Amirkabir. 2003.

Monshi Qomi.”Kholas al-Tavarikh” Tehran, Iran: Ashraqi Press. 1980.

Nahj-al-Balagha, Seyyed Razi. Tehran (Iran): Mikaeel Publication.

Research quarterly of Islamic history. Tehran, Iran: Research Center of Islamic History.

Sa,imifar. “The Endowment and Its Social and Economic Effects”.

Shamlo. “Qesaso al –Khaqani”. Tehran, Iran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. 1992.

Shaykh Saduq.” Khisal”. Qom (Iran): Islamic Press Center.

Shaykh Saduq.” Thawāb al-aʿmāl”. Qom, Iran: Dar al-Sharif al-Razi.

Torkaman.” Tarikh-e Alamaray-e Abbasi”. Tehran, Iran: Amirkabir. 2003.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.3112

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU) ISSN 2364-5369
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.