Understanding the Language of Political-Nimai Poetry of Nima Yooshij, Ahmad Shamloo, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales and Forough Farrokhzad based on Shklovsky's Theory with the Phonetic Deviation Approach

Abstract

The present article’s subject is understanding the language of political-Nimai poetry of Nima Yooshij, Ahamd Shamloo, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales and Forough Farrokhzad based on Shklovsky's theory with the phonetic deviation approach through a descriptive and analytical method, 222 poems from Nimai political poems of the four poets (Nima, Akhavan, Shamloo and Forough) separately for each poet; 75 poets by Nima, 82 poets by Akhavan, 44 poets by Shamloo and 21 poets by Forough, according to the definition of political poetry in this research, to get familiar with phonetic deviation methods in political poems of the mentioned poets. According to findings of the article, Nima, Akhavan, Shamloo and Forough, in their deviations, have used the methods of 1- removing the moving ya among the words ended in long vowel and connected pronouns (42 items by Nima, 10 items by Shamloo, 54 items by Akhavan and 12 items by Forough) 2- stressing the abbreviation and vice versa (24 items by Nima, 27 items by Shamloo, 36 items by Akhavan and 34 items by Forough) 3- vowelizing consonants and consonantizing vowels  (10 items by Nima, 9 items by Shamloo, 43 items by Akhavan and 4 items by Forough) 4- removing the kasre ezafe in the words ended in silent “ha” (16 items by Nima, 12 items by Shamloo, 60 items by Akhavan and 3 items by Forough) in the poets studied.