The Effect of Peer and Empathetic Social Support Together and Individually on Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents
Abstract
Prosocial behavior is a behavior which always develops from childhood to adulthood so that it has positive consequences on social maturity and social responsibility. This behavior is important for adolescents because it can increase positive behavior in others. This study aims to determine the effect of peer and empathetic social support together and individually on prosocial behavior in adolescents. This research used quantitative methods through ex-post facto research types. Sample of this research was obtained through multistage random sampling of 285 young people at the Middle School level in Danurejan District, Yogyakarta. They filled in 3 peer support research questionnaires, empathy questionnaire and prosocial behavior questionnaire. The questionnaires were declared valid by psychological measurement experts (content validity) and reliable with the Alpha Cronbah coefficient of the peer social support variable of 0.907, an empathy questionnaire of 0.890 and a prosocial behavior questionnaire of 0.895. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Results showed that there was an influence of peer social support and empathy together and individually on prosocial behavior in adolescents.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Barry, C. M., & Wentzel, K. R. (2006). Friend influence on prosocial behavior: The role of motivational factors and friendship characteristics. Developmental psychology, 42(1), 153.
Batson, C. D. (2011). Altruism in humans. New York: Oxford University Press.
Batson, C. D., Batson, J. G., Slingsby, J. K., Harrell, K. L., Peekna, H. M., & Todd, R. M. (1991). Empathic joy and the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(3), 413.
Batson,C.D. (2010). Empathy-Induced Altruistic Motivation. In Mario M & Philip, R.S (Eds.), Prosocial Motives, Emotions, and Behavior. The Better Angels of Our Nature (pp.15-34). Washington: American Psychology Association.
Beehr, T. A., Bowling, N. A., & Bennett, M. M. (2010). Occupational stress and failures of social support: when helping hurts. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(1), 45.
Berk, L. (2010). Development Through the Lifespan. Illinois State University: Pearson.
Caprara, G. V., & Steca, P. (2005). Self–efficacy beliefs as determinants of prosocial behavior conducive to life satisfaction across ages. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24(2), 191-217.
Carlo, G., Crockett, L. J., Randall, B. A., & Roesch, S. C. (2007). A latent growth curve analysis of prosocial behavior among rural adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17(2), 301-324.
Carlo, G., Mestre, M. V., McGinley, M. M., Tur-Porcar, A., Samper, P., & Opal, D. (2014). The protective role of prosocial behaviors on antisocial behaviors: The mediating effects of deviant peer affiliation. Journal of Adolescence, 37(4), 359-366.
Cobb, N. J. (2010). Adolescence: Continuity, change, and diversity. Sinauer Associates.
De Caroli, M., & Sagone, E. (2014). Belief in a just world, prosocial behavior, and moral disengagement in adolescence. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 596-600.
Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., Schroeder, D. A., & Penner, L. A. (2017). The social psychology of prosocial behavior. Psychology Press.
Eisenberg, N., & Mussen, P. H. (1989). The roots of prosocial behavior in children. Cambridge University Press.
Estrada-Hollenbeck, M., & Heatherton, T. F. (1998). Avoiding and alleviating guilt through prosocial behavior. In Guilt and children (pp. 215-231). Academic Press.
Felt, J. L. (2011). The origin of everything. Empathy in theory and practice. Retrieved fromwww. laurelfelt. org/wp-content/,../Empathy-Smith. LaurelFelt. Quals_. May2011. pdfFernandez-Olano, C., Montoya-Fernandez, J., & Salinas-Sanchez, AS (2008). Impact ofclinical interview training on the empathy level of medical students and medicalresidents.. Medical Teacher, 30, 322-324.
Goleman, D. (2016). Emotional Intellig ence. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Guevara, I. P., Cabrera, V. E., Gonzalez, M. R., & Devis, J. V. (2015).
Empathy and sympathy as mediators between parental inductive discipline and prosocial behavior in Colombian families. International Journal of Psychological Research, 8(2), 34-48.
Guo, Y. (2017). The Influence of Social Support on the Prosocial Behavior of College Students: The Mediating Effect Based on Interpersonal Trust. English Language Teaching, 10(12), 158-163.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2015/12/30/16480051/KPAI.Pelaku.Kekerasan.dan.Bullying.di.Sekolah.Tahun.2015.Meningkat.
https://news.detik.com/03/3/2013/Maraknya Kasus Kekerasan Anak Karena Masyarakat Ibu Kota Kurang Peduli.
Kau, M. A. (2010). Empati dan Perilaku Prososial pada Anak. Jurnal Inovasi, 7(03).
Larsen, R. J., Buss, D. M., & Wismeijer, A. (2013). Personality psychology. London, United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Liben, L. S., Müller, U. E., & Lerner, R. M. (2015). Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Cognitive processes, Vol. 2. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
McMahon, S. D., Todd, N. R., Martinez, A., Coker, C., Sheu, C. F., Washburn, J., & Shah, S. (2013). Aggressive and prosocial behavior: Community violence, cognitive, and behavioral predictors among urban African American youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 51(3-4), 407-421.
Nook, E. C., Ong, D. C., Morelli, S. A., Mitchell, J. P., & Zaki, J. (2016). Prosocial conformity: Prosocial norms generalize across behavior and empathy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 42(8), 1045-1062.
Park, J., Kitayama, S., Karasawa, M., Curhan, K., Markus, H. R., Kawakami, N., ... & Ryff, C. D. (2013). Clarifying the links between social support and health: Culture, stress, and neuroticism matter. Journal of health psychology, 18(2), 226-235.
Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: The decline of violence in history and its causes. Penguin uk.
Preston, S. D. (2013). The origins of altruism in offspring care. Psychological bulletin, 139(6), 1305.
Purnamasari, I., Suharso, S., & Sunawan, S. (2018). Kontribusi Empati dan Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Terhadap Perilaku Prososial Siswa di SMP. Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling: Theory and Application, 7(2), 20-26.
Roberts, W., Strayer, J., & Denham, S. (2014). Empathy, anger, guilt: Emotions and prosocial behaviour. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 46(4), 465.
Sahdra, B. K., Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P. D., Marshall, S., & Heaven, P. (2015). Empathy and nonattachment independently predict peer nominations of prosocial behavior of adolescents. Frontiers in psychology, 6, 263.
Sallquist, J., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Eggum, N. D., & Gaertner, B. M. (2009). Assessment of preschoolers’ positive empathy: Concurrent and longitudinal relations with positive emotion, social competence, and sympathy. The journal of positive psychology, 4(3), 223-233.
Santrock, John W. (2011). Perkembangan Anak. Edisi 11. Jakarta.
Erlangga (2012). A Tropical Approach to Life Span Development. Sixth edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
Schumann, K., Zaki, J., & Dweck, C. S. (2014). Addressing the empathy deficit: Beliefs about the malleability of empathy predict effortful responses when empathy is challenging. Journal of personality and social psychology, 107(3), 475.
Serafino,E.P., & Smith, J.W. (2012). Health Psychology: Biopsychosocial interactions. New York: John Wiley& Sons Inc.
Silva, S. M., Crespo, C., & Canavarro, M. C. (2012). Pathways for psychological adjustment in breast cancer: A longitudinal study on coping strategies and posttraumatic growth. Psychology & health, 27(11), 1323-1341.
Soenens, B., Duriez, B., Vansteenkiste, M., & Goossens, L. (2007). The intergenerational transmission of empathy-related responding in adolescence: The role of maternal support. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(3), 299-311.
Spinrad, T. L., & Eisenberg, N. (2017). Prosocial Behavior and Empathy-Related Responding: Relations to Children’s Well-Being. In The Happy Mind: Cognitive Contributions to Well-Being (pp. 331-347). Springer, Cham.
Spinrad, T. L., & Gal, D. E. (2018). Fostering prosocial behavior and empathy in young children. Current opinion in psychology, 20, 40-44.
Steinberg, L. (2011). Adolescence. 9th international edition. New York. McGRaw-Hill International Edition.
Taylor, Z. E., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Eggum, N. D., & Sulik, M. J. (2013). The relations of ego-resiliency and emotion socialization to the development of empathy and prosocial behavior across early childhood. Emotion, 13(5), 822.
Vorkapić, S. T., & Ružić, N. (2013). Measuring empathy in future preschool teachers: Implications for study program modification. International journal of psychology and behavioral sciences, 3(6), 188-195.
Wentzel. (2017). Prosocial behaviour and schooling. Department of human development and quantitative methodology.University of Maryland at College Park. USA.
Zaki, J., & Ochsner, K. (2016). Empathy. In L. Feldman-Barrett, M. Lewis, & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotion (4th ed., pp. 871-884). New York, NY: Guilford.
Zaki, J., & Ochsner, K. N. (2012). The neuroscience of empathy: progress, pitfalls and promise. Nature neuroscience, 15(5), 675-680.
Zhang, B., Yan, X., Zhao, F., & Yuan, F. (2015). The relationship between perceived stress and adolescent depression: The roles of social support and gender. Social Indicators Research, 123(2), 501-518.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.1492
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.