Rules for Resolving Conflicts of Public and Private Interests in the Laws of Afghanistan and Iran
Abstract
Public interests are the good, usefulness, and rational necessities that are directly related to the general public and its direct goal is to secure social-national interests, although sometimes indirectly it is possible to satisfy the interests of private individuals. Private interests are the benefits, goods, and necessities of the private life of individuals and it is possible to indirectly secure the interests of society and the general public in this way. Sometimes there is a conflict between public and private interests, which includes conflict (incompatibility in the position of legislation) and interference (incompatibility during implementation and compliance). In Iranian and Afghan law, there are rules that whenever a conflict occurs between social and individual interests (public and private interests), the conflict is resolved with the help of these rules. This article, titled "Rules for Solving Conflicts between Public and Private Interests in the Laws of Iran and Afghanistan," aims to find rules to solve this problem and uses an analytical-descriptive method to find the answer to the question: What are the solutions in the event of a conflict between public and private interests? Although it is not possible to draw a clear line between the rules of the conflict and interference, because each rule provides a solution in both cases, based on their dominant nature, rules have been presented to resolve the interference of interests. Interference is a type of conflict that occurs in the fulfillment of two mandatory orders (implementation of two laws) and the lack of power of the person obligated to simultaneously perform two duties. To solve the problem of conflicting public and private interests, the laws of Iran and Afghanistan were studied comparatively. The results and findings obtained in the constitutions and laws of the two countries indicate that rules and solutions such as giving priority to the more important over the important, public order, good morals, preserving the essence of Islam, preserving the Islamic system, compliance with the standards of Sharia, not opposing the standards of Sharia, not disrupting the system; are rules that if individual rights or public interests conflict public interests take precedence over private interests.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v12i4.6757
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