Prison Ministry and Spiritual Transformation: A Case Study of Bible College Programs in Indonesian Correctional Facilities

Abstract

This research explores the role of structured theological education in the rehabilitation of inmates in correctional institutions in Indonesia using a mixed methods design to determine the impact of a Bible college program implemented in five correctional facility locations between 2021 and 2023. This study investigates how a curriculum focused on forgiveness, self-acceptance, and purpose influenced participants' psychological and spiritual development. Quantitative data was collected through surveys before and after the program, measuring changes in attitudes toward forgiveness, self-esteem, and outlook on the future. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Qualitative insights were gained from semi-structured interviews with 50 program graduates and follow-up interviews with 25 released prisoners, as well as observational data from classroom sessions. The results showed significant increases in participants' self-acceptance and life purpose indicating that the program fosters traits important for personal growth and social reintegration. Participants reported a transformation from a victim-centered mindset to a responsible and service mindset with 72% engaging in community work or service post-release. These results highlight the effectiveness of faith-based education in correctional contexts, especially in culturally diverse environments such as Indonesia. This study contributes to a broader understanding of how structured theological programs can reduce recidivism and facilitate lasting spiritual and psychological healing and support a balanced approach to justice that focuses on correction and redemption.