Commodification Forms of the Tenganan Gringsing Double Ikat Woven Cloth at Karangasem Bali in the Globalization Era

Abstract

The development of tourism in Bali, especially in Tenganan Village, Karangasem, has caused the double ikat gringsing woven cloth which was previously used as a means of complementing ceremonies, wrapping sacred objects, and as traditional clothing of the Tenganan Pegringsingan community, now seems to be experiencing a shift. Internal factors and external factors the stronger influence on the Tenganan community, especially the gringsing double ikat weavers. This study aims to understand the form of commodification of double ikat gringsing woven fabrics in Tenganan, Karangasem in the era of globalization. Data obtained through interviews, observation, and document study. The data analysis applied descriptive analytical approach, namely data reduction, data presentation, verification, and data interpretation. The study revealed that the forms of commodification of the Tenganan gringsing double ikat woven cloth, Karangasem are the commodification of production, distribution and consumption. Production commodification consists of process commodification and form of commodification. Process commodification occurs from cotton supply, cotton processing, spinning, and dyeing. While the process of forming motifs and weaving are still the same. The commodification of shape is related to the new motif of modified gringsing cloth, which has, in ten new motifs, such as patola motif, cakra motif, temple motif, yudha motif, padma motif, padma sari motif, pitara motif, lanang motif, ombo jero luh motif and ombo jero gede motif. Distribution commodification is commodification of place and type of distribution of Tenganan gringsing double ikat cloth. Commodification of place, in addition to direct distribution at the outlets of production, distribution is also carried out outside the area of the production outlets, such as art shops, websites, Facebook, Instagram, salons, shops and markets. Finally, consumption commodification includes commodification of the Tenganan gringsing double ikat woven cloth in the context of culture, tourism and fashion.