Associated Fungal Infections, Related to the Global Covid-19 Pandemic (Literature Review)
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the globe. Based on a retrospective analysis of SARS and influenza data from China and around the world, we suggest that fungal co-infections associated with global COVID-19 may be missed or misdiagnosed. Although there are few publications, patients with COVID-19, especially severely ill or immunocompromised patients, are more likely to develop invasive mycoses. Aspergillus and Candida infections in patients with COVID-19 will require early detection by comprehensive diagnostic intervention (histopathology, direct microscopy, culture, (Arabian: 2004, Tilavberdiev: 2016) -β-D-glucan, galactomannan, and PCR assays) to ensure effective treatment. We consider it appropriate to assess risk factors, types of invasive mycoses, strengths and weaknesses of diagnostic methods, clinical conditions, and the need for standard or individual treatment.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arabian R.A., Klimko N.N., Vasilyeva N.V. (2004) Diagnosis of mycoses. – SPb.: SPbMAPO. –186 p.
Blot SI, Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Meersseman W, Brusselaers N, et al. (2012) A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 186(1):56–64.
Chaturvedi V, Bouchara JP, Hagen F, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Badali H, Bocca AL, et al. (2018) Eighty years of mycopathologia: a retrospective analysis of progress made in understanding human and animal fungal pathogens. Mycopathologia. 183(6):859–877.
Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 395(10223):507–513.
Clancy CJ, Nguyen MH. Diagnosing invasive candidiasis. (2018) J Clin Microbiol. 56(5): e01909–e01917.
Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, Chen SCA, Dannaoui E, Hochhegger B, et al. (2019) Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis.19(12): e405–e421.
Dadwal SS, Kontoyiannis DP. (2018) Recent advances in the molecular diagnosis of mucormycosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 18(10):845–854.
Fishman JA, Grossi PA. (2020) Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) in the immunocompromised transplant recipient: #Flatteningthecurve. Am J Transplant.
Gangneux JP, Bougnoux ME, Dannaoui E, Cornet M, Zahar JR. (2020) Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: we should be prepared. J Mycol Med.
Gassiep I, Douglas J, Emeto TI, Crawley K, Playford EG. (2018) Cryptococcal infections over a 15-year period at a tertiary facility & impact of guideline management. Mycoses. 61(9):633–638.
Gorbalenya AE, Baker SC, Baric RS, et al. (2020) The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV- Nat Microbiol. 5(4):536–544.
Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. (2020) Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med.
Guo L, Wei D, Zhang X, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhou M, et al. (2019) Clinical features predicting mortality risk in patients with viral pneumonia: The MuLBSTA score. Front Microbiol. 10:2752.
Hage Chadi A, Carmona Eva M, Epelbaum Oleg, Evans Scott E, Gabe Luke M, Haydour Qusay, Knox Kenneth S, Kolls Jay K, Hassan Murad M, Wengenack Nancy L, Limper Andrew H. (2019) Erratum: Microbiological laboratory testing in the diagnosis of fungal infections in pulmonary and critical care practice. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 200(10):1326.
Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 395(10223):497–506.
Ibanez-Martinez E, Ruiz-Gaitan A, Peman-Garcia J. (2017) Update on the diagnosis of invasive fungal infection. Rev Esp Quimioter. 30(Suppl 1):16–21.
Koehler P, Cornely OA, Bottiger BW, Dusse F, Eichenauer DA, Fuchs F, et al. (2020) COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Mycoses.
Lahmer T, da Costa CP, Held J, Rasch S, Ehmer U, Schmid RM, et al. (2017) Usefulness of 1,3 beta-D-glucan detection in non-HIV immunocompromised mechanical ventilated critically ill patients with ARDS and suspected Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Mycopathologia. 182(7–8):701–708.
Lescure FX, Bouadma L, Nguyen D, Parisey M, Wicky PH, Behillil S, et al. (2020) Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series. Lancet Infect Dis.
Li CS, Pan SF. (2003) Analysis and causation discussion of 185 severe acute respiratory syndrome dead cases. Zhongguo wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue. 15(10):582–584.
Miceli MH, Churay T, Braun T, Kauffman CA, Couriel DR. (2017) Risk factors and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Mycopathologia. 182(5–6):495–504.
Mikulska M, Calandra T, Sanguinetti M, Poulain D, Viscoli C. (2010) The use of mannan antigen and anti-mannan antibodies in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: recommendations from the Third European Conference on Infections in Leukemia. Crit Care. 14(6): R222.
Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. (2016) Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 62(4):e1–e50.
Patterson TF, Thompson GR, 3rd, Denning DW, Fishman JA, Hadley S, Herbrecht R, et al. (2016) Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 63(4): e1–e60.
Peeri NC, Shrestha N, Rahman MS, Zaki R, Tan Z, Bibi S, et al. (2020) The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? Int J Epidemiol.
Poli P, Timpano S, Goffredo M, Padoan R, Badolato R. (2020) Asymptomatic case of Covid-19 in an infant with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros.
Prattes J, Valentin T, Hoenigl M, Talakic E, Reisinger AC, Eller P. (2020) Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating COVID-19 in the ICU—a case report. Med Mycol Case Rep.
Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. (2020) Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med.
Schauwvlieghe A, Rijnders BJA, Philips N, Verwijs R, Vanderbeke L, Van Tienen C, et al. (2018) Invasive aspergillosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe influenza: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 6(10):782–792.
Setianingrum F, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Denning DW. (2019) Pulmonary cryptococcosis: a review of pathobiology and clinical aspects. Med Mycol. 57(2):133–150.
Skiada A, Lass-Floerl C, Klimko N, Ibrahim A, Roilides E, Petrikkos G. (2018) Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis. Med Mycol. 56(suppl 1):93–101.
Thevissen K, Jacobs C, Holtappels M, Toda M, Verweij P, Wauters J. (2020) International survey on influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) in intensive care units: responses suggest low awareness and potential underdiagnosis outside Europe. Crit Care. 24(1):84.
Tilavberdiev Sh.A., Klimko N.N., Denning D.V. (2016) Using the life program model to assess the prevalence of severe and chronic mycotic diseases in the Republic of Uzbekistan // Problems of medical mycology, v. 18, no. 3.
Van Arkel ALE, Rijpstra TA, Belderbos HNA, van Wijngaarden P, Verweij PE, and Bentvelsen RG. (2020) COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. (2020) Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol.
Xu K, Cai H, Shen Y, Ni Q, Chen Y, Hu S, et al. (2020) Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): The Zhejiang experience. Zhejiang da due boa Yi due ban. 49(1):0.
Yang W, Cao Q, Qin L, Wang X, Cheng Z, Pan A, et al. (2020) Clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multi-center study in Wenzhou city, Zhejiang, China. J Infect.
Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. (2020) Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med.
Yin CH, Wang C, Tang Z, Zhang SW, Wang BS. (2004) Clinical analysis of 146 patients with critical severe acute respiratory syndrome in Beijing areas. Clin J Emerg Med. 1(13):12–14.
Zhang Y, Li WX, Huang KW, Cao ZX, Hao JY. (2003) Hospital acquired pneumonia occurring after acute stage of the serious SARS and its treating strategies. Chin J Nosocomiol. 11(13):1081–1087.
Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. (2020) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 579(7798):270–273.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i5.2720
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.