The Concept of “Defense” in the Holy Qur’an and Hadith

Soraya Ghotbi

Abstract


This work is an attempt to identify the concept of "defense" in the Qur’an and hadith and to review its postural, secular and Islamic meaning. Based on the descriptive-analytic method, it proves that the term of defense in the Qur’an and traditions has the basic meanings of distance, keeping out and preventing and in other senses, the main semantic core has been kept and holds a close semantic resemblance to the words such as hinder, rejection and restrain. The term of defense in Islam's perspective has a natural origin, including various aspects such as religion, celestial book, reputation, life, property, and family. Consequently, concerning the semantic core of the term of defense and lack of change in the primary meaning in the exemplary properties and semantic descriptions, it encompasses broad features such as beliefs, privacy, Islamic territories, insensible attacks, and the soft war.


Keywords


Islam; Cultural defense; Military Defense; Privacy; Conceptology

Full Text:

PDF

References


The noble Qur’ān

Azimi Shoushtari, Abbas Ali (1376), General Laws and Regulations of War and Defense in Islam, Mesbah, no. 22, pp. 15-56.

Besharati, Mohammad Reza; Chahar Pashloo, Mahdi, (1390), A Study of the Defense Thought of the Early Islamic Era with Emphasis on the Defense Thought of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Amir al-Mo'menin (AS) and Imam Hussein (AS), Defense Management and Research, no. 67, pp. 229-193.

Barqi Kashani, Mortaza,( 2000), The Quran and Modern Sciences, First Edition , Taban Publications.

Dehkhoda, Aliakbar, (1377), Dehkhoda Lexicon, Tehran, Cyrus Publications.

Dailami, Hassan ibn Abi Al Hassan (1412), Irshād al-qulūb, Volume 1, Sharif Razi Publications.

Farāhīdī,‎ Khalil ibn Ahmad ,‎( 1411), Al-‘Ayn (2nd ed.).‎Qom,‎Dār‎al-Hijra.

Fiumi, Ahmamd ibn Mohammad, (1424), Misbah al Munir fi Qarib Sharh al Kabir, Seond Volume, Qom, Dar al Hijrah.

Hosseini Jorjani, Amir Abdulfutoh, (1404), Ayat al Ahkam, Second Volume, First Edition, Tehran, Navid Publications.

Ḥurr ‘Āmilī, Mohammad ibn Hassan (1409), Wasā’il al-Shī‘a, Edited by Āl al-Bayt (a) Institute,Qom, Āl al-Bayt (a) Institute.

Ibn ‎Athīr,Mobārak, (1988), Al-Nihāya ‎fī‎ gharīb‎al-ḥadīth, Third Volume, Tehran, Ismailian Press Institute.

Ibn Fāris, Ahmad ibn Zakariā, (1984), 1989, Mu‘jam Maqā’īs al-lugha, Research by Abulsalam Mohamamd Harun , Qom, al-A‘lām alIslāmī.

Ibn Manẓūr, Mohammad ibn Mukaram, (1414), Lisān al-‘Arab, Eighth Volume, Third Edition, Beirut, Dār Ṣādir.

Imam Khomeini, Rūhollah Khomeini, (1390), Tahrir al- Wasā’ilah, Volume 1.

Jafar Langroudi, M. (1394), Law Terminology, Gang Danesh.

Kulaynī, Mohammad ibn Yaqub, (1986), Al-Kāfī, Fourth Edition, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.

Majlisī, Mohammad Baqer, (1404), Biḥār al-anwār al-jāmi ‘a li-durar akhbār al-A’imma alAṭhār. Beirut, Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī

Makārim Shīrāzī, Naser, (1995), Tafsīr nimuna. Tehran, Dār al-Kutub alIslāmiyya.

Maluf, Luwi, Al munjid fi al-lughah wa al-alam, Twenty Third Edition, Beirut, Dar al Mashreq, p. 218

Marāqi, Ahmmad ibn Mostafa, Tafsir al Marāqi, Volume 2, Beirut, Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī

Marandi, Mehdi, (2001), Sacred Defense in the Thought of Imam Khomeini, Institute for Publication and Adjustment of the Works of Imam Khomeini, Third Edition.

Mardani (Golestani), Mahdi (1397), Quranic Principles and Doctrine of Defensive Thought in Islam, Marefat, no. 252, pp. 47-55.

Mufīd, Mohammad ibn Nomān, (1413), Al -Ershad, Congresss of Sheikh Mofid, Qom, Volume 1.

Qurashī,Ali Akbar(1992),Qāmūs Qur’ān, Third Volume,Sixth Edition,Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.

Raeisi, Jan Mohammad (1395), Jihad and Holy Defense from the Perspective of Quran and Hadiths, Comprehensive Quarterly Journal of Holy Defense, Article 3, Volume 1, no 2, pp. 85-105.

Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Hassan ibn Mohamamd (1412), Al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qur’ān. Edited by Ṣafwān ‘Adnān Dāwūdī, Beirut, Dār al-‘Ilm – Dār al-Shāmiyya .

Sadūq, Mohammad ibn Ali (1413), Man Lā Yahzarohu Al-Faqih, Third Edition, Qom, Jameh Modaresin Publications.

Safipour, Abdulrahim ibn Abdulkarim, Montahi al- Arab, First and Second Volumes, No place, Tehran, Sanaei Library Publications.

Sobhanifar, Mohammad Javad; Pasokhi, Ali (1394), Defensive-Military Thought from Imam Ali (AS)'s Perspective in Nahj al-Balaghah, Defensive Management and Research, no. 78, pp. 25-48.

Taheri Khoramabadi, Hassan, (1989), Jihad in the Quran, First Edition, Payam-e Azadi Publications.

Ṭabrisī, Fazli ibn Hassan, (1993), Majma' al-Bayan fi-Tafsir al-Qur'an, Nāṣir Khusru Publications.

Ṭurayhī, Fakhruldin, (1996), Majma‘al-baḥrayn va Matla al Nayerin, Research by Seyyed Ahmad Hossein, Fourth Volume, Third Edition, Tehran, Bookshop.

Varaei, Seyed Javad, (1382), Jurisprudential Principles of Defense of Islamic Lands, Islamic Government, no. 28, pp. 42-81.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i3.2499

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU) ISSN 2364-5369
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.