Investigation of the Use of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Solar Cells

Abstract

Today, nanoparticles have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their special properties as well as their many technological applications. Among these, titanium dioxide nanoparticles have many important applications in various industries due to their excellent optical, electrical and catalytic properties. These applications include use in industrial pigments, as photocatalysts in environmental cleansing, in sunscreens to protect the skin, in photovoltaic applications for solar cells, sensors, in electronic device components, and many more. Two important properties of this material that make it very efficient and useful in life are its photocatalytic and superhydrophobic properties. These two properties are used to purify water and wastewater, eliminate air pollution and buildings, accelerate photochemical reactions such as hydrogen production, fabricate surfaces and layers and self-cleaning glass. The properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles are strongly dependent on the size of the doped particles, elements or compounds and the surface modifications made on them, which in turn are influenced by the nanoparticle synthesis method. For this reason, methods for the synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles have received much attention today. As the size of the material gets smaller and smaller and reaches the nanoscale, new physical and chemical properties show up. Among the unique properties of nanomaterials, the motion of electrons and holes in semiconductor nanomaterials is dominated by quantum constraint, and the transfer properties of phonons and photons are strongly influenced by the size and geometry of the material. The effective surface area and surface to volume ratio increase with decreasing the material size. High effective levels are achieved by small particles, which will be useful in many 2TiO-based types of equipment in which the interaction of the common surface of the material is important.