Iran's Penal Policy for Incomplete Crimes
Abstract
Incomplete crime is one of the unfinished crimes and differs from its similar concepts namely impossible crime and attempting a crime. By examining Iran's penal policy we can say that the legislator's view toward this type of crime is shaky. This lack of integrity, both within the framework of the Public Penal Code of 1352 and in the context of post-revolutionary laws, has led to divisions in judicial and doctrine process. In the current legal order, however, we are faced with two articles 613 of the Ta'zir Law of 1375 and 122 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013. In this article, while criticizing different viewpoints, two views have been presented. Firstly, in accordance with Article 122 of the Islamic Penal Code and its note, the incomplete crimes cannot be punished. Second, despite the implicit abolition of Article 613 of the Ta'zir Law of 1375 for commencing the premeditated murder, this Article still appears to be valid in the case of incomplete crimes and, consequently, by reference to this Article, the incomplete crimes are punishable solely for premeditated murder.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aghayi Jannat Makan, Hussein. 1392 H.S. General Criminal Law, Volume I, Third Edition, Jungle.
Aghayi Nia, Hussein. 1392 H.S. Crimes against Individuals, Eleventh Edition, Mizan.
Ali Abadi, Abdul Hussein. 1392 H.S. Criminal Law, Volume one, Fifth Edition, Ferdowsi.
Amid, Hassan. 1342 H.S. Amid Culture; First Edition, Amir Kabir.
Ardabil, Mohammad Ali. 1392 H.S. Public Penal Law; Volume I, 30th Edition, Mizan.
Ashworth, Andrew. 1991 AD. Principles of Criminal Azw, New York, Oxford University Press.
Babayee, Mohammad Ali. 1390 H.S. Clinical Criminology; Second Edition, Mizan.
Beccaria, Sandra. 1393 H.S. A Treatise on Crimes and Punishments; Translated by Muhammad Ali Ardabili, Mizan Publications.
Chawla, Monica. 2006 AD. Criminal attempt and punishment, new volume: deep publications, DVT.LTD.
Clarkson, Christopher. 1390 H.S. Principles of Public Penal Analysis; Translated by Hussein Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, First Edition, Jungle.
Clarkson, CMV. 1992 AD. Understanding criminal law, London, sweet & maxwen ltd.
Garo, Rene. 1344H.S. Theoretical and Practical Studies in Penal Law; Translated by Zia Uddin Taabat; First Volume, First Edition, Ibn Sina.
Gassin, Raymond. 1392 H.S. Economic Crime Criminology; Translated by Shahram Ebrahimi, Second Edition, Mizan.
Goldouziyan, Iraj. 1392 H.S. Implementation of Islamic Penal Code, 18th Edition, Majd.
Langroudi, Muhammad Ja'far. 1378 H.S. Advanced in Legal Terminology; Volume 2; First Edition, Treasure of Knowledge.
Lazerges, Christine. 1382 H.S. Introduction to Criminal Policy; Translated by Ali Hussein Najafi Abrand Abadi, Mizan, First Edition.
Mehra, Nasrin. 1392 H.S. Encyclopedia of English Criminal Law, First Edition, Mizan Publishing.
Mir Muhammad Sadeghi, Hussein. 1392 H.S. Crimes against Persons, Eleventh Edition, Mizan.
Mohaghegh Damad, Sayyed Mostafa. 1390 H.S. A Discussion of the Principles of Jurisprudence, Volume I, Seventeenth Edition, Islamic Science Publishing Center.
Mohseni, Morteza. 1382 H.S. The Period of Public Penal Law; Volume II, Second Edition, Treasure of Knowledge.
Naqdi Najad, Mojtaba. 1390 H.S. Attempt in Criminal Law; First Edition, Jungle.
Rahdarpour, Hamed; Changayi, Farshad. 1390 H.S. Investigation of the Attempting a Crime ... In Islamic Penal Code, Legal Research Bulletin, No. 1.
Saki, Muhammad Reza. 1393 H.S. Public Penal Law, Volume One, Sixth Edition, Jungle.
Salehi, Javad. 1387 H.S. Penal Policy and its Relation to Criminal Policy, Transcendence of Law, No.25.
Salimi, Sadegh. 1393 H.S. Abstract of Public Penal Law, Fourth Edition, Jungle.
Sami'i, Hussein. 1348 H.S. Penal Law, Fourth Edition, Press Company.
Sanei, Parviz. 1382 H.S. Public Penal Law, First Edition, New Design.
Savalani, Ismail. 1392 H.S. Public Penal Law, Second Edition, Mizan.
Scheb, john.m. 1996 AD. American criminal law, New York, west publishing company.
Sedarat, Ali. 1340 H.S. Criminal Law and Criminology, First Edition, Ma’refat.
Shams Natri, Muhammad Ibrahim; Kalantari, Hamid Reza, Zare', Ibrahim; Riyazat, Ibrahim. 1392 H.S. Islamic Penal Code in the Current Legal Order, Volume I, First Edition, Mizan.
Smith j.c Hogan, Brain. 1988 AD. Criminal law, London, butterwoth b colitd.
Stephanie, Gaston; Levasseur; Georges; Bouloc, Bernard. 1377 H.S. Public Penal Law, Translated by Hussein Dadban, Volume I, First Edition, Allameh Tabataba'i University.
Tawajjohi, Abdol Ali. 1394 H.S. Pathology of Islamic Penal Code; Judiciary Publications.
Turner, I.w.c. 1948 AD. The Modern Approach to Criminal Law, London: university of cam brige.
Walidi, Muhammad Saleh; 1388 H.S. Public Penal Law Requirements; First Edition; Jungle.
Zera'at, Abbas. 1394 H.S. Crimes against Persons, Third Edition, Jungle.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i4.1223
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.