An Analysis of Differences in Spatial Ability Among Junior High School Students by Their Level of Self-Efficacy
Abstract
This study aims to describe the differences in spatial ability based on self-efficacy levels among public junior high school students in the city of Yogyakarta. This research is a quantitative survey study with an ex post facto approach, conducted on 391 public junior high school students in the city of Yogyakarta. The research data were collected using a spatial ability test instrument and a self-efficacy questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the instruments were established, based on the Aiken's V rater agreement index and Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the self-efficacy questionnaire, as well as instrument reliability using Cronbach's Alpha. The analysis performed was inferential analysis at a 0.05 significance level, using Welch's ANOVA, the Games-Howell test, and Mean Value Estimation. The analysis results revealed a significant difference in the spatial ability of the student group with a "Very Low" self-efficacy level compared to all groups with "Low," "Medium," "High," and "Very High" self-efficacy levels. Meanwhile, the average spatial abilities among the "Low," "Medium," "High," and "Very High" self-efficacy levels were the same.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v12i10.7119
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