The Survival of Multicultural Islamic Values in the Social Life of a Plural Society: A Case Study in East Kutai, Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is a multicultural nation characterized by high levels of ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. Within the Indonesian context, Islam, as the majority religion, is expected to play a strategic role in maintaining social harmony. This study aims to identify and analyse the multicultural Islamic values preserved within society, the processes through which these values are kept, and the factors that support and inhibit their preservation in the pluralistic society of East Kutai. The research employs a qualitative approach using a case study design, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that Muslim communities in East Kutai have preserved multicultural Islamic values such as tolerance (tasamuh), justice (‘adl), brotherhood (ukhuwwah), and deliberation (syura). These values are internalized through Islamic religious education in schools, the exemplary conduct of religious and traditional leaders, and cross-cultural social practices such as communal work, joint religious gatherings, and interethnic forums. The preservation process is conducted collaboratively through inclusive village deliberations, public religious events, the integration of local values such as Kutai customs into Islamic preaching, and the use of social media to disseminate messages of religious moderation. Key supporting factors include the active role of interethnic leaders, the participation of interfaith communities, and the strong local spirit of kinship. Conversely, challenges include the potential for identity conflict, limited diversity literacy among segments of the population, and restricted digital access in certain areas. This study contributes to the development of a more adaptive and context-sensitive theory of multicultural Islamic education and recommends East Kutai as a social model for mainstreaming inclusive and moderate Islamic values in pluralistic societies.