The Perspective of Islamic Criminal Policy Towards the Doctrine of Securitization in Dealing with Crimes
Abstract
The set of responses that society adopts in dealing with the pervasive phenomenon of crime and offenses, considering the Islamic approach to the doctrine of securitization, has been the subject of this research. By referring to Islamic jurisprudential and legal sources through data analysis and description, the hypothesis was proven that in Islamic security-oriented criminal policy, the two elements of crime and offenses on the one hand and security as an undeniable necessity on the other hand, have never been considered as a general illusion, and therefore it has significant differences with the idea of securitization in Western criminal policy. The main differences that distinguish Islamic criminal policy from Western criminal policy in the area of security control and containment of crime are, in addition to the area of legislation, which is mostly within the jurisdiction of the legislative body to criminalize behaviors and abandon behaviors, the judge's authority to determine the type of punishment, as well as the police having a certain amount of authority to monitor the identity of individuals in public places and streets. Some differences can also be observed in the area of implementation. For example, in Islamic criminal policy, judges and witnesses, given the special sensitivity that exists regarding their role in achieving rights and administering justice, must be characterized by the characteristics of justice. In addition to the description of justice, the number of witnesses is also a condition, commensurate with the importance of the crime and social deviations and the overall content of legal and criminal cases, while we did not observe such an issue in Western security-oriented criminal policy.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
The Holy Quran.
H Qmadi Abhari, Seyyed Mohammad Ali, Islam and Social Defense, "Qom: Islamic Studies and Research Center affiliated with the Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary, 83".
Azar, Edward and In-Moon Chung, National Security in the Third World, translation: Publisher, "Tehran: Strategic Studies Research Center, 1379".
Eskandari, Mustafa, The Nature and Importance of Privacy, "Islamic State Journal, Year 15, Issue 4, Winter 1389".
Afshar Rad, Mohammad, Individualization of Punishments, Master's Thesis Abstract, included in the Seminary Information Database, Defense Date 1383, Publication Date 12/25/1388, http://www.hawzH Q.net.
Elhampton, Robert and Thomas P. Galout et al., Family Crime Prevention and Treatment, translated by Davud Karbalaei Mohammad Meyguni, “Tehran: Afarinesh Publications, first edition, 2009”.
Ansari, QodratollH Q et al., Punitiveat from the Perspective of Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, “Qom: Islamic Science and Culture Research Institute, second edition, Winter 2007”.
Anvari, Hassan et al., Farhang Bozorg Sokhan, “Tehran: Sokhan Publications, first edition, Winter 2002”.
Parfitt, Alan, Responses to Crime, translated by Morteza Mohseni, “Tehran: Ganjdanesh Library, first edition, 2009”.
Tabrizi, Javad ibn Ali, Essas al-Qada’ wa al-ShH Qada, “Qom: Author’s Office, first edition, No date”.
Jamshidi, Alireza, Participatory Criminal Policy, Tehran: Mizan Legal Foundation, first edition, spring 2011.
Haji Dehabadi, H Qmad, Rules of Criminal Jurisprudence, Qom: Hawza and University Research Institute, first edition, winter 2000.
Hosseini, Seyyed Mohammad, Criminal Policy in Islam and the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran: Organization for the Study and Compilation of Humanities Books of Universities, (Samat) first edition, 2004.
Hosseini Shirazi, Seyyed Sadeq, Bayan al-Fiqh fi Sharh UrwH Q al-Wathqi, Qom: Dar al-Ansar, second edition, 1426 H Q.
______________, Al-Ta’liqat ali Sharia’ al-Islam, Qom: Esteghlal Publications, sixth edition, 1425 H Q.
Halabi, Abul-SalH Q Taqi al-Din, Al-Kafi fi al-Fiqh, “IsfH Qan: Imam Amir al-Mu’minin (A.S.) Public Library, first edition, 1403 H Q”.
Khademi, Seyyed Mohammadi, Rasa’il fi al-Waqf, “Holy Mashhad: The Printing and Publishing Institute affiliated with the Holy Shrine of Al-RazaviyyH Q, second edition, 1431 H Q, 1389”.
Khoei, Seyyed Abul-Qasim, The Basics of Completing the Curriculum, “Qom: The Institute for the Revival of the Works of Imam Khoeiy, first edition, 1422 H Q”.
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar, Dehkhoda Dictionary, “Tehran: Khordad 1347”.
RH Qamdel, Mansur, “Human Rights in Privacy”, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, No. 70, Winter 1384”;
Rouhani, Seyyed Sadeq, Fiqh al-Sadiq (AS), “Qom: Imam Sadeq (AS) School, first edition, 1412 H Q”.
Žižek, Slavi, The Crime of Five Eyes Under the Eye, translated by Alireza Paknehad, “Tehran: Nay Publishing House, first edition, 1389”.
Sobhani, Jafar, Forough Abdit, “Qom: Publications of the Islamic Propaganda Office of the Qom Seminary, 17th edition, 1380”.
Sabzevari, Seyyed Abdul-Ali, MH Qdhab al-H Qkam fi bayan al-halal va al-haram”, “Qom: Al-Manar Institute, fourth edition, 1413 H Q”.
Sajjadinejad, Seyyed Mohammad and colleagues in the Islamic Law Research Group of Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Rules of Criminal Jurisprudence, “Mashhad: Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, first edition, 1383”.
Shams al-Din, Sheikh Muhammad Jaafar, The System of Punishments in Islam, Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Hadi for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, First Edition, 1429 H Q, 2008 AD.
ShH Qid al-Thani, Zayn al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali, Paths of Understanding to the Refinement of Islamic Laws, Qom: Al-Ma’arif al-Islamiyya Institute, First Edition, 1413 H Q.
___________________, Messages of ShH Qid al-Thani, Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office Publications, First Edition, 1421 H Q.
Sheikh Ansari, Murtaza, Messages of Jurisprudence (by Sheikh Ansari), Qom: World Congress in Commemoration of Sheikh Azam Ansari, First Edition, 141 H Q.
Sheikh Saduq, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Babawayh, Man la-IhazrH Q al-Faqih, “Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary, second edition, 1413 H Q”.
Sheikh Tusi, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Hassan Tusi, Al-Mabsut fi fiqh al-ImamiyH Q, “Tehran: Maktaba al-MurtadawiyyH Q, 1388”.
Sheikh Mufid, Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Nu’man, Al-Muqni’H Q, “Qom: Sheikh Mufid’s World Congress of the Millennium (RA), first edition, 1413 H Q”.
Sanei, Parviz, General Criminal Law, “Tehran: Ganj Danesh, sixth edition, 1374”.
Sarami, SaifullH Q, Hisba a government institution, “Qom: Islamic Studies and Research Center, Islamic Propaganda Office Publication Center of the Qom Seminary, first edition, March 1377”.
Tabatabaei, Seyyed Muhammad Hussein, Al-Mizan in the Interpretation of the Qur’an, “Qom: Islamic Publications Office of the Teachers’ Association of the AlimH Q Seminary of Qom, Fifth Edition, 1417 H Q”.
Tabatabaei Hayri, Seyyed Muhammad MujH Qid, Kitab Al-ManH Qil, “Qom: Al-Bayt Foundation (AS), First Edition, Beta,”.
Abedi, Muhammad, Duties of the State in Preventing Crime, “Qom: Noor Al-Sajjad, First Edition, 1388”.
Ameli, ShH Qid Awwal, Muhammad ibn Makki, Al-Lama’H Q Al-DamshaqiyyH Q, “Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Al-TurH Qt-Al-Dar Al-IslamiyyH Q, First Edition, 1410 H Q”.
_________________, Al-Qawwa’at Wal-Fua’id, “Qom: Maktaba Mufid Publications, Beta”.
Allameh Heli, Hassan bin Yusuf MotH Qar Asadi, TH Qrir al-H Qkam al-Shari’H Q al-ImamiyH Q Madhhab, “Qom: Imam Sadiq (AS) Institute, first edition, 1420 H Q”.
Alizadeh, MH Qdi, The Role of Islam in Preventing and Reducing Delinquency, “Holy Mashhad: Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, second edition, BH Qman 2012”.
Amid, Hassan, Farhang al-Farhang al-Farhang al-Tehran: Amir Kabir Publishing Institute, ninth edition 1382, tenth edition 1384”.
Odeh, Abdul Qadir, Al-Tashre’ al-Jana’i al-Islami, “Beirut, Lebanon: Dar Ihya’ al-TurH Qt al-Arabi, fourth edition, 1405 H Q”.
Gholami, Ali, Factors Preventing Criminal Responsibility, “Tehran: Imam Sadiq (AS) University Press, first edition, 1391”.
Fadel Lankarani, Muhammad, Ta’dhar al-Shari’H Q fi Sharh TH Qrir al-WasilH Q, “Qom: Jurisprudential Center of the Pure Imams (AS), first edition, 1422 H Q”;
Fadel Hindi, Muhammad ibn Hassan, Kashf al-Latham wa al-Ibham an al-Qawa’id al-H Qkam, “Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers’ Association, first edition, 1416 H Q”.
Fakhr Ara, Abbas Ali, Victim Rights in the Islamic Penal System and the Penal Code of Iran, Master’s Thesis, Law Major: Criminal Law and Criminology, “Qom: Al-Mustafa Al-AlamiyH Q Society, Institute of Islamic Law and Education, 1390”.
Fakhr al-Muhaqqeen Hilli, Muhammad ibn ibn Yusuf, IdhH Q al-Fawa’id fi Sharh al-Muttalib al-Qawa’id, “Qom: Ismailiyan Institute, first edition, 1387 H Q”.
FadlallH Q, Seyyed Abdul Mohsen, Islam and the Foundations of Legislation, Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-Kutb al-Islami, 1399 H Q, 1979 AD.
Karimaei Ali, Azam, and colleagues, The Role of the Police Force in Ensuring Social Security, Journal: Quarterly Journal of Police Science, Volume 13, Number 2 (Series 47), Summer 2009.
Qiyasi, Jalal al-Din, The Fundamentals of Criminal Policy of the Islamic State, Qom: Islamic Science and Culture Research Institute, First Edition, Fall 2006.
Kulani, Muhammad ibn Yaqub, Al-Kafi, Tehran: Dar al-Kutb al-Islamiyya, Fourth Edition, 1407 H Q.
Kaydari, Qutb al-Din Muhammad ibn Hussein, IsbH Q al-Shari’H Q in MisbH Q al-Shari’H Q, Qom: Imam Sadiq (AS) Institute, First Edition, 1416 H Q.
Kaynia, Mehdi, Fundamentals of Criminology, Tehran: Tehran University Printing and Publishing Institute, 7th edition, 2005;
Gessen, Raymond, Theoretical Criminology, translated by Mehdi Kaynia, Tehran: Majd Scientific and Cultural Association, 1994-1988.
Golestani, Esmail, Introduction to the translation of the book: Philosophy of Legislation in Islam, written by Dr. Sobhi Rajab MH Qmsani, Tehran: Atar-e Andisheh Publications, first edition, 2007.
Lazerge, Christian, Introduction to Criminal Policy, translated by Ali Hossein Najafi Abrandabadi, Tehran: Mizan Publishing, first edition, spring 2003.
Marty, Mary Delmas, Great Systems of Criminal Policy, Tehran: Mizan Legal Foundation, second edition, fall 2014.
Mohtashami, Nada, Interactionist Theory in Criminology and Criminal Policy, “Tehran: Majd Cultural and Scientific Society, First Edition, 1391”.
Mohammadi Asl, Abbas, Gender and Crime, “Tehran: Gul Azin Publishing House, First Edition, 1388”.
Mohaqiq Heli, Najm al-Din Muhammad ibn Hassan, Sharia al-Islam in Matters of Haram and Haram, “Qom: Ismailiyan Institute, Second Edition, 1408 H Q”.
Muhammad Jafal, Ali Dawood, Repentance and Its Effects in the Abolition of Boundaries in Islamic Jurisprudence, “Beirut, Lebanon: Dar al-NH Qda al-Arabiya for Printing and Publishing, 1409 H Q-1998 AD”.
Mughniyeh, Muhammad Jawad, Jurisprudence of Imam al-Sadiq (AS), “Qom: Ansarian Institute, Second Edition, 1421 H Q”.
Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad and Sarikhani, Adel, The realm of cover and privacy in the criminal policy of Islam, "Journal: Scientific-Research Paper on Order and Security of the Enforced Order, No. 16, Winter 2011".
Mousavi Golpayegani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza, Al-Dur al-Manzood fi Akhmaan al-Hudood, by Karimi JH Qromi, "Qom: Dar al-Quran al-Karim, First Edition, 1412 H Q".
Mir-Khalili, Seyyed MH Qmoud, Situational Prevention of Delinquency with a View to the Criminal Policy of Islam, "Tehran: Islamic Culture and Thought Research Institute Publishing Organization, First Edition, 2009".
Najafi, Mohammad Hassan, JawH Qer al-Kalam, "Tehran: Dar al-Kutb al-Islamiyya, Seventh Edition, 1368".
Nazarinejad, Mohammad Hossein, Aggression from the Perspective of Social Psychology, Tehran: Roshd Publications, First Edition, Spring 2011.
NoorbH Qar, RH Qim, An Essay on Delay in the Execution of Hadd, Journal: Scientific and Research on Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Year 48, Issue 2, Fall and Winter 2015.
Vasei, Seyyed Alireza and colleagues, Life, Wisdom and Government of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Qom: Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought affiliated with the Islamic Propaganda Office of the Qom Seminary, First Edition, Summer 2013.
Delmas-Marty, Mireille, Modeles et mouvements de politique criminelle, paris, Economirca, 1988.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v12i5.6834
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://ijmmu.com
editor@ijmmu.com
facebook.com/ijmmu
Copyright © 2014-2018 IJMMU. All rights reserved.