Deterrent Effect in System Criminalization Corruption: A Comparative Study System Criminalization of Indonesia and Singapore
Abstract
Corruption is an extraordinary crime that has a broad impact on the social, political and economic stability of a country. In Indonesia, the effectiveness of the punishment system against corruption offenders is often questioned due to weak penalties, slow judicial processes, and low legal certainty. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the corruption punishment system in Indonesia and Singapore through the deterrent effect theory approach which consists of three main principles: certainty, speed, and severity of punishment. This study uses a normative juridical approach and comparative law method, by analyzing key regulations, recent case studies, and secondary data from journals and research reports. The results show that Singapore has been able to consistently apply the principles of deterrent effect through strict laws, independent law enforcement agencies, and efficient judicial processes. Meanwhile, the punishment system in Indonesia still faces structural and cultural challenges that hinder the effective eradication of corruption. This study concludes that a comprehensive application of the deterrent effect theory can be an important foundation for corruption sentencing reform in Indonesia. This reform includes improving regulations, strengthening institutions, accelerating the legal process, and building a legal culture that supports integrity and accountability.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v12i7.6852
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