International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding
International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU) ISSN 2364-5369 is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal covering the study of topics in the social & Humanities aims to provide a forum for high quality research related to social sciences and humanities research. The main Areas relevant to the scope of the journal is social science studies and also the journal focuses on the following topics: Anthropology Sociology Psychology Politics Management Economics Law History Culture Business Studies Linguistics Ethnic Relations Immigration and Migrant Workers Studies Multicultural studies Sports science Public relations Educational Research Communication Peace Studies Religious Studies It provides an academic platform for professionals and researchers to contribute innovative work in the field. The journal carries original and full-length articles that reflect the latest research and developments in both theoretical and practical aspects of society and human behavior. The journal is published in both print and online versions. The online version is free access and download. IJMMU accepts submission of mainly four types: Original Articles, Short Communications, Reviews, and Proposals for special issues.
International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU)
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Exploring Self-Regulated Learning Skills in Gen Z Students in Soe, Nusa Tenggara Timur’s After the Covid-19
The study reveals that the SRL skills of Gen Z senior high school students in Soe City post-pandemic are predominantly high across metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral dimensions. This research using descriptive quantitative study investigated the Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) of senior high school students in Soe City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, following the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aimed to unveil the prevailing SRL circumstances using numerical data analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. A Likert-type SRL questionnaire, assessing metacognition, motivation, and behavior, was administered online via Google Forms to 204 Gen Z students from the third grade of SMA X. The findings indicated that the majority of students demonstrated high SRL skills (50%), with a substantial portion exhibiting medium levels (48.09%) and a small percentage showing low SRL (1.96%). Examining individual SRL aspects, a similar trend emerged. In metacognition, most students scored high (61.3%), followed by medium (36.3%) and low (2.5%). For motivation, the distribution was high (44.1%), medium (50%), and low (5.9%). The behavioral aspect also showed a similar pattern: high (44.1%), medium (52.9%), and low (2.9%)
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Designing Electronic Student Worksheets to Enhance Chemical Literacy and Collaborative Attitudes
This study investigates the feasibility of the integrated E-LKPD Chemo-entrepreneurship, its reception among students, and its impact on chemical literacy and collaborative attitudes. Employing the 4D Research and Development model with a quasi-experimental post-test only design, the research involved 72 randomly selected students from SMAN 9 Yogyakarta and was analyzed using MANOVA. The results demonstrate that the E-LKPD is highly valid according to experts, well-received by teachers and students, and exerts a significant influence on both chemical literacy and collaborative attitudes. Its effective contribution is 15% for chemical literacy (very high) and 6.1% for collaborative attitudes (moderate).
Implementation of Principal Managerial in Creating Effective Schools
The focus of the research consists of: 1) The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng in managerial implementation to plan an effective school; 2) The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng in managerial implementation to organize an effective school; 3) The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng in managerial implementation to direct towards an effective school, and 4) The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng in managerial implementation to carry out control towards an effective school. This study uses a qualitative approach with the research method used being a multiple case study which carries out investigative activities on the principal's managerial implementation which is carried out by conducting interviews, document reviews and observations to obtain information and in-depth information on the principal's managerial implementation in accordance with planning, control, organization and supervision at SDN 1 Dasan Tereng, Narmada District, West Lombok Regency. The research results obtained 1) The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng to involve various parties and formulate work programs more comprehensively to support the successful implementation of school planning. 2. The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng to organize is carried out by forming the uniqueness of the school, such as the field of environmental curriculum, coordination and socialization, as well as monitoring and evaluation. 3) The principal plays a role in monitoring/directing directly and providing consistent direction to make the principal a role model by providing examples of guidance, habituation, and ensuring optimal effectiveness. 4) The ability of the principal of SDN 1 Dasan Tereng in managerial implementation to carry out control towards an effective school, the principal applies two forms of evaluation, namely routine control carried out once a month and incidental evaluations carried out involving all school residents.
Banjar Proverbs: Revealing Cultural Values of Religious Systems and Ritual Practices in Banjar Society
Proverbs contain cultural values and life philosophies that function as moral guidelines within a community. This study aims to describe the cultural values related to religious systems and ritual practices embedded in Banjar proverbs. The research employs a literary anthropology approach with a qualitative library research design. Data were collected through documentation techniques by examining published sources related to Banjar proverbs. The data were analyzed using a descriptive-interpretative method through stages of description, analysis, and evaluation. The findings reveal that Banjar proverbs reflect various cultural values of religious belief and practice, including: (1) preparation for life in both the worldly and the hereafter; (2) moral accountability for good and bad deeds; (3) belief that sustenance has been divinely predetermined; (4) patience and perseverance in facing life’s challenges; (5) marriage practices in accordance with Islamic law, particularly after triple divorce; (6) belief in individuals who possess the ability to perceive others’ inner feelings; (7) belief in certain utterances to restore a child’s spirit; (8) belief in spirit possession; (9) belief that certain family members may bring misfortune to a household; (10) seeking help from others with sincerity, whether accepted or not; (11) belief in abnormal or unusual behavior as a sign of imbalance; (12) the importance of learning religious knowledge from the beginning and in sequence; (13) belief in vulnerable conditions that may attract misfortune; (14) admiration for women who possess both physical beauty and noble character; (15) moral advice against excessive worldly desires; (16) social harmony and close community relations; (17) taboos related to sitting in specific places believed to delay marriage; (18) advice for elders to maintain self-awareness; (19) encouragement for elders to act wisely; and (20) the importance of making use of opportunities wisely. Overall, Banjar proverbs serve as an important medium for transmitting religious beliefs, moral teachings, and cultural wisdom that shape the worldview and social behavior of Banjar society.
Effectiveness of AI-Based Digital Comics in Enhancing Students’ Understanding of Ghibah and Tabayyun in Islamic Education
This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based digital comic as a learning medium for the topics of ghibah and tabayyun in Islamic Religious Education (IRE). The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 7 Sekayu and involved 31 seventh-grade students as subjects for effectiveness testing, as well as three expert validators to assess the feasibility of the media. The validation results indicate that the AI-based digital comic falls into the “Very Valid” category, with an average percentage of 87%. In the practicality test, the media obtained an average score of 90%, categorized as “Very Practical,” across the one-to-one, small group, and large group trials. Effectiveness testing shows a significant improvement in learning outcomes, as indicated by a shift in pretest scores from predominantly low categories to predominantly good and very good categories in the posttest. The N-Gain value of 0.79 falls within the high category, indicating that the media is effective in improving students’ understanding of ghibah and tabayyun material. Overall, the AI-based digital comic is proven to be valid, practical, and effective as a learning medium for Islamic Religious Education. Future research is recommended to expand the scope of the material, test the media at different educational levels, or integrate more adaptive AI-based interactive features.
Legal Protection of the Umama Scarf Trademark Against Passing Off Actions by Shella Saukia
Trademarks are a form of intellectual property that plays an important role in commercial activities because they serve as an identity, a distinguishing feature, and a guarantee of the quality of a product or service. To provide legal certainty, trademark protection in Indonesia is regulated in Law No. 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, which aims to protect the rights of registered trademark owners from unauthorized use of their trademarks. This study examines the legal certainty of registered trademark protection against passing off with a case study of the use of Umama Scarf hijab products by other parties without the trademark owner's consent. Legal protection for trademarks is not only provided through civil mechanisms but also through criminal mechanisms as a form of external legal protection. The research method used is normative legal research with a regulatory and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that although the term passing off is not explicitly regulated in Indonesian positive law, its substance is reflected in the provisions concerning trademark infringement, bad faith, and unfair business competition. Registered trademark owners obtain legal protection both civilly and criminally, including the right to claim damages, cessation of trademark use, and the application of criminal sanctions. Thus, trademark registration provides legal certainty for trademark owners.
Barriers to Law Enforcement Against Corporate Crime in Indonesia: Institutional, Procedural, and Socio-Political Challenges
This paper examines the obstacles and difficulties in the law enforcement in corporate crime in Indonesia. It pays attention to the 2023 National Criminal Code (KUHP), according to which corporations are the subjects of the criminal behavior. The empirical juridical approach and the descriptive-analytical approach are used in the study. It relies on the interviews with the prosecutors, judges, and law enforcement institutions in Jakarta and West Nusa Tenggara. The results indicate that it is difficult to enforce anti-corporation laws. The main pitfalls are that it is becoming difficult to demonstrate corporate mens rea (criminal intent), to access internal corporate documents, and to reconcile the National Criminal Code with some sectoral laws. Enforcement is further complicated with the institutional problems that include the lack of qualified staff and the absence of detailed technical instructions. Moreover, socio-political aspects, in particular, the effect of corporate economic and political influence, tend to play a role in legal procedures. This research paper emphasizes the fact that a more appropriate alignment of regulations, enhanced capacity of law enforcement bodies and more stable evidence norms are needed to ensure that corporate crime enforcement is more effective in Indonesia. We hope the results might inform the criminal law policy and also make the debates on the reform of criminal law in the country more insightful.
Teachers’ Voices in Implementing Differentiated Instruction in the English Classroom
Differentiated Instruction (DI) has increasingly gained attention in Indonesia as an approach that supports teachers in addressing the diverse needs of learners. This study investigates how English teachers in public and private senior high schools in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, understand and implement DI, as well as the challenges they encounter. Using a qualitative case study design, data were generated through semi-structured interviews and classroom observations and were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that public school teachers show a structured understanding of DI, particularly in differentiating content, process, and product. Moreover, private school teachers tend to implement DI intuitively and less systematically due to limited training and familiarity with DI elements. Teachers across both school types employ flexible grouping, tiered tasks, multimodal learning options, and interest-based activities, yet continue to encounter various constraints, such as low student engagement, limited instructional time, insufficient professional training, and inadequate resources. The study highlights the need for sustained professional development and stronger institutional support to ensure the effective integration of DI in English language classrooms.
Implementation of the Interactive Learning Model with Cooperative Setting (PISK) to Improve Mathematical Literacy and Learning Interest of Grade VIII Students
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Interactive Learning Model with Cooperative Setting (Model Pembelajaran Interaktif Setting Kooperatif or PISK) in improving mathematical literacy and learning interest among Grade VIII students. The research was conducted using Classroom Action Research (CAR) over two cycles. The PISK model involves structured learning steps, including group collaboration, guided problem solving, class discussions, reflection, and assessment. The learning content focused on statistical concepts, particularly mean, median, and mode. Data were collected through observation sheets to monitor student engagement, questionnaires to assess learning interest, and written tests to evaluate mathematical literacy. The results showed a significant increase in both domains: the average mathematical literacy score improved from 40% in the pre-cycle to 78% in the second cycle, while learning interest rose from 56.5% to 82.3%. These findings indicate that the PISK model effectively supports both cognitive and affective aspects of mathematics learning.
Instagram as a Branding and Advertising Tool in the Marketing of Drw Skincare at Rumah Cantik Cila
This study explores the role of Instagram as a central platform in the marketing strategy of DRW Skincare at Rumah Cantik Cila. In the digital era, social media has transformed from a communication tool into an effective marketing instrument capable of integrating targeting, branding, advertising, and social media management. Using a qualitative descriptive case study approach, this research analyzes how Rumah Cantik Cila leverages Instagram’s features and management strategies to build brand awareness, expand market reach, and sustain customer engagement. Findings reveal that Instagram plays a pivotal role by offering professional account management, varied features such as feeds, stories, reels, live streaming, and paid advertising, as well as the ability to reach a broad audience across local and international markets. Figure 1 illustrates Instagram as a hub connecting social media management, varied features, and wide reach to the roles of both the owner and social media specialist. Figure 2 emphasizes the comprehensive integration of targeting, branding, advertising, and management into a cohesive marketing framework. Overall, Instagram enables Rumah Cantik Cila to not only increase sales but also foster brand loyalty through interactive and strategic engagement. This highlights Instagram’s significance as a powerful digital marketing platform for small businesses in the beauty industry.
The Urgency of Reconstructing the Regulation of Parate Execution of Fiduciary Security Objects
This study aims to analyze and identify the urgency of reconstructing regulations on parate execution of fiduciary collateral, particularly after Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019, from philosophical, juridical, and sociological perspectives. The method used in this study is normative legal research using a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Based on an in-depth philosophical analysis, it was found that philosophically, the urgency of reconstructing the regulations on parate execution of fiduciary collateral arises from the need for a sense of justice for the parties and legal certainty for creditors to execute collateral objects quickly and efficiently in the event of default. Juridically, after Constitutional Court Decision Number 18/PUU-XVII/2019, there has been a lack of clarity or vagueness (vage normen) in the norms, due to the requirement of a "default agreement" that must exist before execution can take place. Sociologically, the ambiguity of the regulations on parate execution has resulted in inconsistent practices in courts regarding the execution of fiduciary collateral.
Sandwich Generation Strategies in Caring for Parents and Themselves
The sandwich generation phenomenon is becoming increasingly prominent with increasing life expectancy, changing family structures, and complex economic pressures. This generation refers to productive-age individuals who simultaneously support elderly parents and themselves, and often also siblings. This study aims to identify the strategies used by the sandwich generation in dealing with dual responsibilities, particularly in the context of students working and caring for their parents. The research method used a descriptive qualitative approach with three informants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model with the assistance of Nvivo 12 Plus software. The results show that the main challenges of the sandwich generation are financial pressure, limited family support, and psychosocial impacts such as stress and fatigue. However, informants are able to develop adaptive strategies such as structured financial planning, income sharing by a certain percentage, seeking flexible additional work, and building financial reserves. These strategies not only help maintain family economic balance but also provide them with space to maintain personal well-being. These findings emphasize the importance of financial management skills, social support, and public policies oriented towards strengthening the role of the sandwich generation in Indonesia.
Optimizing Company Profile As A Public Communication Tool In Educational Institutions: A Study On Bimbel Cec
This study aims to analyze the public communication strategy implemented by Bimbel CEC, a non-formal educational institution, through the use of its company profile. The company profile functions not merely as an informational medium but as a strategic communication tool to build institutional image, convey vision and mission, and reach wider audiences, including prospective franchise partners. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews with two key informants: The Chief Executive Officer and the Co-Founder. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software with thematic coding to identify key themes. The findings reveal that Bimbel CEC employs a multi-channel communication strategy, utilizing digital, print, electronic, and face-to-face media in an integrated manner. Message formulation emphasizes structured content, audience-based customization, visual storytelling, and soft selling approaches. Strategic adjustments are made regularly in response to technological advancements, curriculum changes, and social media trends. This study concludes that the company profile is not only a promotional asset but also a dynamic communication medium that embodies the institution’s values and positioning aligned with Kotler’s concepts of integrated marketing communication and strategic branding.
Euphemism in Indonesian Online Political Media Discourse: Referents, Social Status, and Communicative Functions
This study investigates the use of euphemisms in online political news, focusing on three main aspects: (1) the types of referents used, (2) the relationship between the social status of the reported actors and the euphemistic references, and (3) the communicative functions of euphemisms in political discourse. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the data were drawn from political news published between 1–31 January 2025 in four Indonesian online media outlets: Tirto.id, Tempo, CNN Indonesia, and Detik.com. The data were collected through reading and note-taking, coded, and analyzed based on referents, social status, and communicative functions, with validity ensured through data and theoretical triangulation. The findings show that euphemisms most frequently refer to activities (50%) and conditions (37.2%), indicating their role in softening actions and framing political situations. The social status of the actors influences referent selection: state officials often appear with euphemisms that mitigate criticism of actions and policies, politicians use euphemisms related to political maneuvering, and ordinary citizens are framed through euphemisms invoking social sympathy. Overall, euphemisms function primarily to attenuate negative meanings, shape public perception, and construct positive images of political actors and institutions.
Implementing the STAD Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Motivation and Social Studies Learning Outcomes among Sixth-Grade Elementary Students
This classroom action research aimed to improve sixth-grade students’ motivation and learning outcomes in social studies on the topic of “struggles to defend Indonesian independence” through the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model. The study employed the Kemmis and McTaggart spiral model of classroom action research consisting of planning, acting and observing, and reflecting, conducted in two cycles. The participants were 28 sixth-grade students (14 boys and 14 girls) in a public elementary school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, who were organized into heterogeneous STAD teams. Data were collected through a learning achievement test, observation sheets of students’ learning activities, and a learning motivation questionnaire. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively by calculating mean scores, mastery percentages, and normalized gain (N-gain), while qualitative data from observations and field notes were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results revealed a substantial improvement in students’ learning outcomes, with the mean score increasing from 73.64 in Cycle I to 84.29 in Cycle II, and the percentage of students achieving the minimum mastery criterion rising from 32.14% to 92.86%. The N-gain value reached 0.40 (40.40%), which falls into the medium category. Students’ motivation also increased from 70.2% to 84.48%, and learning activity rose from 62.5% to 82.7%. The implementation of STAD successfully created a more active, collaborative, and enjoyable classroom climate, fostered individual responsibility and teamwork, and strengthened students’ intrinsic motivation. These findings indicate that STAD is an effective instructional model for enhancing cognitive outcomes, social skills, and learning motivation in social studies within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum.
Analyzing Problems in Writing Farewell Speech Texts among Sixth-Grade Students at SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Yogyakarta
This study aims to analyse the problems faced by sixth-grade students at SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Yogyakarta in writing farewell speech texts, to describe the factors that influence their difficulties, and to formulate appropriate and effective steps to maximise their skills in writing farewell speech texts. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design focusing on a group of students who experience difficulties in writing farewell speeches. Data were collected through structured library research by reviewing various written sources such as books, journal articles, learning reports, and farewell speech manuscripts written by students. The data were analysed using content analysis techniques by reading, interpreting, and categorising errors found in the students’ writing, particularly those related to text structure, word choice, and other linguistic elements. The findings indicate that students’ speech-writing skills still encounter various problems, including difficulty in selecting topics, limited expressive vocabulary, and a lack of understanding of the structure and communicative purpose of farewell speeches. The main contributing factors include teacher-centred instructional methods, limited variation in learning media, and the lack of constructive feedback on students’ writing. Based on these findings, the study recommends the use of innovative instructional models such as Project-Based Learning (PBL), cooperative learning, and discovery learning, combined with continuous feedback. These approaches have the potential not only to improve students’ written language skills but also to foster enthusiasm, creativity, and self-confidence in composing farewell speech texts.
Implementation of Community-Based Tourism in Kemiren Traditional Village: Economic, Social, and Cultural Perspectives
This study aims to analyze the development of local wisdom-based tourism villages in Kemiren Traditional Village, Banyuwangi Regency, from a CBT perspective. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling techniques, targeting individuals directly involved in community-based tourism village development. Participants included the village head, village officials, tourism village managers (POKDARWIS), members of the Banyuwangi Regency Culture and Tourism Office, and local communities involved in tourism. The total number of participants was 30 people. Data was collected through non-participatory observation and in-depth interviews. Documentary photographs were taken for further data development. Data analysis techniques used thematic data analysis. The results showed that the development of tourism villages using the Community Based Tourism (CBT) concept had a positive economic impact on the community, particularly in terms of increased income, job creation, and the availability of community development funds. However, there are still challenges in terms of equity and sustainability of community funds. CBT has a positive impact on the social dimension, but challenges still arise in terms of equitable participation and the effectiveness of the managing institution. CBT encourages local communities to respect other cultures through direct interaction with tourists and training in service ethics based on local values. Cultural tourism activities create a space for two-way cultural exchange that enriches community creativity without erasing their original identity. Therefore, management training and collaborative governance are needed to ensure that organizational structures remain inclusive and sustainable.
Transformational Leadership Practices of a Principal in Enhancing Educational Quality: A Case Study of SD Muhammadiyah Sapen Yogyakarta, an Islamic School in Indonesia.
This study aims to explore transformational leadership practices implemented by a school principal in enhancing academic and non-academic educational quality in an Islamic elementary school in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the principal consistently applies the four core dimensions of transformational leadership: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. These practices are reflected in moral role modeling, motivational communication, encouragement of innovation, and personal attention to teachers’ professional and emotional needs. The leadership approach contributes to the development of a collaborative school culture, improved teacher performance, and enhanced student achievements. This study contributes to the literature by providing an empirical and contextualized model of transformational leadership integrated with Islamic values in elementary education. The findings offer practical insights for school leaders seeking to improve educational quality in culturally and religiously diverse contexts.
Development of Interactive Media to Introduce the World of Careers Based on the Android System to Improve the Career Understanding of Junior High School Students in Yogyakarta
Interactive Android-based research for junior high school students to test its effectiveness in improving students' career understanding. This research uses a research and development approach with the ADDIE model, which consists of the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The product developed is an interactive mobile application titled Mengenal Dunia Karier (Getting to Know the World of Careers), which is designed to support the three core dimensions of career understanding, namely self-understanding, knowledge about jobs, and career reasoning. The feasibility and practicality of the application were assessed through expert validation and practitioner evaluation, while its effectiveness was tested using a single-group pretest-posttest design involving 110 junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The expert validation results showed that the application was highly feasible, with media expert and material expert scores of 55 and 66, respectively, and practitioner assessments by five school counsellors classified the application as highly practical (scores ranging from 68 to 73). The effectiveness test showed a significant increase in students' career understanding after using the application, with the average score increasing from 59.93 (SD = 5.754) in the pre-test to 73.81 (SD = 6.617) in the post-test, resulting in an average increase of 13.88 points. A paired sample t-test confirmed that this increase was statistically significant (t = –16.399, df = 109, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that the developed Android-based interactive career guidance media is feasible, practical, and effective in improving the career understanding of junior high school students and can be used as a supporting tool for school-based career guidance services.
Pancasila and Christian Values: Forging Tomorrow's Christian Youth as Catalysts for Indonesia's Golden 2045
The vision of Golden Indonesia 2045 foregrounds human resource development as the cornerstone of national advancement, positioning the younger generation—particularly Christian youth—as pivotal agents bearing dual imperatives as citizens and believers. This article contends that the synergistic integration of Pancasila and Christian values is indispensable for equipping Christian youth to function as transformative agents amid the multifaceted challenges en route to 2045. Employing a descriptive-analytical literature review of national policy documents, theological discourses, and civic scholarship, the analysis reveals profound convergences between Pancasila's pillars and Christian ethics, notably in humanity (kemanusiaan), social justice (keadilan sosial), unity (persatuan), and moral integrity. Far from mere alignment, this synthesis furnishes a robust ethical-theological framework that compels Christian youth to engage proactively in public spheres, education, and digital arenas. Ultimately, the article argues that only through this contextualized fusion can Christian youth realize their potential as vanguard change agents, driving a just, inclusive, and sustainable Indonesia.
Validation of the Principle of Territorial Jurisdiction in Imami Jurisprudence, Afghan Law, and International Documents
The principle of territorial jurisdiction, as a spatial domain of criminal laws and as one of the foundations for the exercise of criminal jurisdiction by states in different legal systems, holds a varying status. In this research, the validity of this principle in three sources—Imamiyyah jurisprudence, Afghan law, and international documents—has been studied using a descriptive-analytical comparative method. The findings indicate that in Imamiyyah jurisprudence, the acceptance of this principle as a primary ruling is not admissible; however, it can be justified as a secondary ruling and a governmental ruling. In contrast, in Afghan law and international documents, the principle of territorial jurisdiction has been widely and clearly accepted. Furthermore, the research findings show that despite differences in foundations, there is the possibility of harmonization and compatibility between the approach of Imamiyyah jurisprudence on one hand and Afghan law and international documents on the other regarding the acceptance of the principle of territorial jurisdiction. Within the framework of secondary and governmental rulings, the necessary capacity can be provided to reconcile these three sources regarding the acceptance of the principle of territorial jurisdiction.
Global Market Pulse: Linking DJIA, FTSE, Nikkei, HSI, and BI Rate to Indonesia’s Composite
This study investigates the impact of major global stock indices and domestic monetary policy on the Indonesian Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG) during the period 2020–2024. The independent variables include the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE), Nikkei 225, Hang Seng Index (HSI), and the Bank Indonesia 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR). Monthly percentage changes were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine both partial and simultaneous effects. Prior to hypothesis testing, classical assumption tests were conducted, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation tests, all of which indicated that the regression model was valid. The results of the F-test show that the independent variables jointly have a significant effect on IHSG. However, the t-test results reveal that only FTSE has a positive and statistically significant effect on IHSG, while DJIA, Nikkei, HSI, and BI7DRR do not show significant individual effects. These findings suggest that the Indonesian stock market is more responsive to movements in the European market than to those in the United States or other Asian markets during the observed period. Additionally, domestic monetary policy, as proxied by BI7DRR, does not exert a direct short-term influence on IHSG fluctuations. This study contributes to the literature on market integration and contagion effects by highlighting the varying degrees of global financial influence on emerging markets such as Indonesia.
Strategic Financial and Market Factors Influencing Mining Performance in Emerging Economies
This study aims to analyze the effect of Company Size, Leverage, Commodity Prices, Sales Growth, Profitability, Liquidity, and R&D Investment on the Future Performance of mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2020–2023. Future Performance is proxied using ROAt1. This study uses a quantitative method with panel data regression analysis. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling, resulting in 26 mining companies with a total of 104 observations during the research period. Panel data regression analysis shows that leverage, profitability, and commodity prices have a significant effect on future performance, while company size, sales growth, liquidity, and R&D investment do not have a significant effect on the future performance of mining companies.
The Influence of Basic Mathematical Ability on Elementary School Students’ Motivation and Learning Outcomes
This study aims to analyze the influence of basic mathematical ability on students’ motivation and learning outcomes in fourth-grade elementary school. Using a quantitative ex post facto design, the research involved 68 purposively selected students. Data were collected through a basic mathematics test, a motivation questionnaire, and a validated mathematics achievement test, with observations conducted within one academic period. Multiple regression analysis was applied to examine direct and indirect effects among variables. The results show that basic mathematical ability significantly predicts both motivation and learning outcomes, with motivation serving as a mediating factor. These findings imply that strengthening fundamental mathematical concepts is essential for improving students’ engagement and academic performance.
High Dividends, High Value? Empirical Study on Indonesia’s HIDIV20 Firms
This study aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, profitability, leverage, dividend policy, CSR, and institutional ownership on firm value in companies listed on the High Dividend 20 (HIDIV20) index. The data used in this study is quantitative data derived from secondary data sources. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling with panel data regression analysis method assisted by STATA 17. The results showed that leverage and CSR had a negative and significant effect on firm value. Conversely, liquidity, profitability, dividend policy, and institutional ownership were found to have no significant effect on firm value in companies listed on the High Dividend 20 index. Based on the research results, management is advised to prioritize internal financing to minimize solvency risk and evaluate the efficiency of CSR fund allocation. Investors are advised to pay closer attention to debt ratios and corporate cost efficiency before making investment decisions.
Drugs and the Music Industry: Impact on Physical Cognitive and Creative Decline of Musicians
This article examines and correlates the relationship between drugs and the music industry where celebrities both domestically and abroad are closely associated with these illicit substances, focusing on the creativity of artistic work for music artist. This research aims to determine: 1) What influences are caused by drugs in the entertainment industry, particularly in the music industry? 2) The impact on cognitive abilities and physical decline, including physical and mental abilities? 3). The influence of drugs on musicians' creativity in creating songs or artistic works. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study are: 1). The used of drugs in the music industry is a phenomenon that has been ongoing on for a long time. Although some musicians report a temporary increase in creativity due to drug use, the long-term effects tend to be detrimental to their physical health, cognitive abilities, and their creative processes; 2) The tangible impact on the decline in physical quality is very significant because drugs erode the body from the inside out, affecting both physical and psychological health. These physical side effects not only threaten the lives of musicians but can also hinder their ability to perform and create optimally: 3) The impact on creative thinking abilities and cognitive abilities in drug users. Although drugs can provide a temporary boost to creativity, long-term use often results in decreased concentration, focus, and productivity. Dependency on drugs for inspiration can also hinder musicians from creating naturally, blur the authenticity of their work and reduce the quality of artistic output.
The Conflicting Consequences of Afghanistan's Membership in SAARC (2007–2021): A Critical Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges
This study examines the conflicting consequences of Afghanistan's membership in SAARC. The main research question is what opportunities Afghanistan's membership in SAARC has provided for the country's political, economic, and cultural development during the years 2007-2021 and what challenges it has created. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the theory of liberal institutionalism, and the research method is descriptive-analytical, relying on documentary data and structural analysis of regional relations. The findings show that Afghanistan's membership in SAARC has, on the one hand, promoted regional legitimacy, expanded multilateral diplomacy, and increased cultural and educational cooperation. On the other hand, geopolitical competition between India and Pakistan, the development gap between members, and the weakness of Afghanistan's internal economic structure have prevented the realization of sustainable development. In the economic sphere, convergence has been formed asymmetrically, and Afghanistan has become a regional consumer market rather than benefiting from export benefits. On the other hand, cultural and educational cooperation is considered one of the most sustainable achievements of membership. The study concludes that Afghanistan’s membership in SAARC has a dual and conflicting nature and that the realization of its interests depends on domestic capacity, political stability, and intelligent management of regional relations.
Development of Android-Based Interactive Learning Media for Teaching Makassar Traditional Drum
The Makassar drum is one of the traditional musical instruments of South Sulawesi that has an important function in traditional ceremonies, art performances, and the socio-cultural life of the Makassar people. However, with the passage of time, students' knowledge of this traditional instrument has begun to decline. This study aims to (1) develop an Android-based Makassar Drum learning media product for high school students in Parepare City, (2) determine the feasibility of Android-based Makassar Drum learning media for high school students in Parepare City, and (3) test the effectiveness of Android-based Makassar Drum learning media for high school students in Parepare City. This study used the research and development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The research subjects were 10th grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Parepare. Data collection methods encompasses observation, interviews, document anaylist, and test. Employing tools like product evaluation sheets from material and media experts, teacher and students feedback forms. Data analysis used in this study was qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative data analysis was used to describe the data resulting from needs analysis, learning analysis, and student characteristics analysis. Quantitative data analysis was used to test the feasibility of the media and its effectiveness in its implementation in learning. Three quantitative data analysis techniques were used: 1) Descriptive statistics, 2) Paired sample t-test, and 3) N-gain test. The results of the study show that (1) the product produced is an interactive multimedia application with the theme of Makassar Gendang, equipped with materials, video tutorials, sheet music, and virtual instruments as learning tools; (2) the media is deemed suitable for use, as evidenced by a material expert validation score of 86 (very good), a media expert score of 68 (good), a student response rate of 87 (very good), and a teacher response rate of 89 (very good); and (3) the media has been proven effective in improving learning outcomes. This was demonstrated through a paired sample t-test with a t-value of 14.218 and a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), which means that there was a significant difference between the students' pretest and posttest results. Furthermore, the N-Gain calculation results show a pretest average score of 67.35, a posttest average of 85.58, and an N-Gain value of 0.54, which is in the moderate category. This means that this learning media has an effective improvement effect on student understanding, especially in the subject of Traditional Makassar Drum Music.
An Effective Leadership Strategy Model: In The Case Gembella Full Gospel Believer’s Local Church Number One
The purpose of this project was to investigate strategies for building leadership to enhance church growth. This thesis primarily focused on understanding church leadership and the development of leadership for effective ministry. The fundamental reason churches experience crises in growth is due to a lack of effective leadership and strategy for leadership development. To establish an effective leadership strategy model, this project examined leadership qualities and the process of leadership development from a biblical perspective and researched effective leadership types for church growth through a survey. The survey was conducted in one church to assess leadership needs. Additionally, practical leadership development strategies and principles for church growth were analyzed based on the case of the Gambella Full Gospel Believers’ Local Church. Based on the research findings, the thesis presents effective strategy models for building leadership applicable to local churches.