This research aimed to find out the social conflict that exist in the novel of Kembang Jepun. This research focused on forms of social conflict in novels and the causes of social conflict. This study used a sociological literature approach. The source of data in this research was the novel of Kembang Jepun by Remy Sylado. The results of the study showed that the form of social conflict which showed the existence of child trafficking carried out by Janjte and Kotaro Takimura figures, violence and fights that occurred in Shinju, arrest by police at the Tjahaja Soerabja office. The reason of this social conflict was the greed character of Janjte's figure, Kotaro Takamura, who wanted his place of business to be crowded again and Tjak Broto's writing which was considered to have provoked the community to hate the Dutch government.

With the signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Agreement, the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka/GAM) and the Indonesian government renewed their agreement, giving rise to the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The government of Aceh established the independent, non-underlying organization known as the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission, whose mission is to settle conflicts inside Aceh. Article 299 of Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Governance of Aceh regulates the existence of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and Qanun Number 17 of 2013 concerning the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission elaborates on this further. This work is done in order to make the present struggles' reality more understandable. Field research, or empirical research methods, are used to collect primary data through interviews and then use a qualitative analysis method to examine the collected data. Finding the truth and exposing instances of grave human rights violations is the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s responsibility. The research findings show that the commission's database has shortcomings as a result of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission responsibility to look into human rights breaches that conflicts with the AcehTruth and Reconciliation Commission policy about the ability to compel witnesses or individuals to appear in person. The Human Rights Court, in compliance with Human Rights Court law, is the authority that has the jurisdiction to decide cases of violations of human rights. Since the Truth and Reconciliation Commission is a non-legal organization and the Human Rights Court is a judicial entity, there is a discrepancy in power in this case. The Indonesian government and legal authorities should reevaluate this. In order to present a comprehensive picture of the human rights violations that took place during the Aceh war, including the location, time, patterns, and reasons behind torture occurrences, as well as to examine the causes and events that led up to them, investigation and field study are done as part of the Truth Disclosure. The objective is to formulate suggestions and insights derived from the factual conclusions of the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission concerning the reality of torture committed throughout the conflict. Three incidences in Indonesia that President Joko Widodo identified as grave human rights abuses are recommendations from the Aceh Truth and Reconciliation Commission to the Human Rights Enforcement Team, which was established in accordance with Presidential Decree No. 17 of 2022.

When launching a new product on social media, it is crucial to exercise caution and avoid using elements related to religion, ethnicity, or respected cultures in promotional activities. Unfortunately, Holywings overlooked this aspect of supervision, leading to a communication crisis that had to be dealt with. The purpose of this research was to understand the process of handling the communication crisis that occurred on Holywings' social media platforms. Based on the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), this study examined the effectiveness of the crisis process, following the crisis stages outlined by W. Timothy Coombs. The process was divided into three phases: pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis. The research methodology employed was qualitative research using a literature review. The findings of the study indicated that Holywings failed to anticipate potential risks and conducted an insufficient analysis of the sensitivity of the names used in the promotion. The management of Holywings was also unprepared to handle the communication crisis on social media. Inappropriate handling resulted in significant losses. This crisis had detrimental effects on Holywings, such as the revocation of Holywings' permit leading to its closure by the Jakarta Provincial Government, as well as intangible losses like reputation and public trust. 

Currently, data has acquired significant economic value due to the fast-paced development of information technology and data analysis. Due to the emergence of data as a key resource in the economy, the development of legal rules governing them has become increasingly important. Meanwhile, the protection of personal data is one of the civil rights of every individual, and their information should be appropriately protected. Under GDPR, personal data is protected in the European Union. There are still a number of countries, however, that do not have an independent law on data protection, or that have not yet finalized the draft law they have on data protection. Among the Islamic countries, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan lack comprehensive laws on the protection of personal data. Other Islamic countries with regulations concerning the protection of personal data can refer to Islamic jurisprudence for clarification if there is a gap in these laws. Thus, in this study, we discussed the nature of data in Islamic law and the laws governing it. Regarding this, it is noteworthy that data is considered property under Islamic law and is governed by ownership laws.

Chalipa is a Persian ancient name for English Cross. We aimed to investigate different interpretations and approaches from Islamic sources on the concept of Jesus ascension into heaven. To investigate degree of genuineness of the verses and compare/contrast with Christianity approaches in order to clarify the controversial traditions ultimately to provide a new understanding on the subject of Christian Theology. To accomplish that the following goal was adopted: the similarity of synoptic Gospels and Koran. Considering this vision, Islamic mysticism is comparable with Gospel of john and Pauline epistles. The research method in this study focused on a wide range of book-reviews research and   analyzing aftermath events, we left no stone unturned regarding available Islamic traditions of   hadiths. At first glance, the results indicated that the concept of ascension of Jesus, peace be upon him, comparable to the allegorical verses of Quran. However, the late Mohammadhosein Tabatabai introduced a comprehensive vision to resolve the past interpreted problems. Adopting some of his results, it is concluded that esoteric interpretations and comparative methods of studies of verses seems the most rational criteria of the subject matter.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Interactive Learning Model with Cooperative Setting (Model Pembelajaran Interaktif Setting Kooperatif or PISK) in improving mathematical literacy and learning interest among Grade VIII students. The research was conducted using Classroom Action Research (CAR) over two cycles. The PISK model involves structured learning steps, including group collaboration, guided problem solving, class discussions, reflection, and assessment. The learning content focused on statistical concepts, particularly mean, median, and mode. Data were collected through observation sheets to monitor student engagement, questionnaires to assess learning interest, and written tests to evaluate mathematical literacy. The results showed a significant increase in both domains: the average mathematical literacy score improved from 40% in the pre-cycle to 78% in the second cycle, while learning interest rose from 56.5% to 82.3%. These findings indicate that the PISK model effectively supports both cognitive and affective aspects of mathematics learning.

This study examines the effectiveness of game-based learning in boosting motivation among EFL junior high school students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, utilizing a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) framework. The research used a quasi-experimental method to assess the influence of digital game-based learning on student motivation. The research was conducted pre- and post-test in a single subject class. Data were gathered from 31 students through adapted Self-Regulation Questionnaires for Learning (SRQ-L), supplemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into students' motivational experiences. This research revealed a notable enhancement in autonomous motivation relative to managed motivation, with students predominantly motivated by intrinsic reasons such as curiosity and the perceived value of English proficiency. Results from the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test indicated statistically significant enhancements, suggesting that Blooket may enhance intrinsic motivation by providing engaging and interactive learning experiences. Digital game-based learning was also found to reduce external stresses, cultivating a conducive atmosphere for language acquisition. The study offers insights for incorporating Blooket into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings to enhance motivation and engagement.

This study explores the integration of technology in teaching English to Young Learners (EYL) at Mataram University Language Support Unit. This research examines the types of technology utilized, challenges encountered, and strategies adopted to enhance the learning experience. A qualitative approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with eight EYL tutors to gather in-depth data. The results reveal that tools such as Quizizz, Live Worksheets, WhatsApp, and YouTube are frequently integrated into teaching. While these tools enhance engagement and learning, challenges such as unstable internet connections and unequal access to gadgets persist. Tutors mitigate these challenges by preparing alternative materials and encouraging collaborative learning. The findings suggest that technology integration in EYL classrooms significantly supports student engagement and language acquisition, but a balanced language approach with traditional methods is necessary to address limitations. This study provides practical insights for educators to optimize technology use in early language learning contexts. 

Students' mathematical problem-solving ability is one of the 21st century skills that are useful in everyday life, especially in the new normal era. This descriptive qualitative research aims to analyse the problem-solving ability of seventh grade students of SMPN 4 Ngaglik in the new normal era. The instruments in this study were observation sheets, math problem solving ability tests, documentation, and interview guidelines. Interactive analysis was used in the data analysis technique of this research with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and making overall conclusions. Data analysis of test results plays a role in determining the level of students' problem-solving ability, documentation results as material for analysis and to be observed, and interviews to strengthen test results and information on student learning constraints. The results of this study show that students who have math problem solving skills with very high result categories are 7%, high 14%, medium 10%, low 14%, and very low dominate with 55%. This shows that there are 31% of students who can solve math problems well.

Since language is production and translation is reproduction, there are always slight changes in representing intentions. These changes may be greater in translation. Most changes occur unconsciously and unintentionally but sometimes these changes are consciously, intentionally and purposefully. Reframing is a strategy in narrative theory that is used to change some dimensions of translated text. In this paper the researcher was an attempt to investigate the ideological manipulation under Baker’s renarrative theory conducted within a descriptive framework through comparing a parallel text in English and Persian. In this paper, "The grass is singing" by "Doris Lessing", translated by Dr. Zahra Karimi was analyzed to see the changes that have occurred in translation. The analysis revealed that the instances of reframing are numerous but often overlapping. The most common reframing strategy was selective appropriation which, however, usually resulted in occurrences of other reframing strategies.

Being a new party in the election and competing with other senior parties, making the new parties to build symbols, images, and programs that are campaigned through various media, including new media. This article discusses the new media for branding strategy in marketing policies Berkarya Party as a new party in legislative elections in 2019. This study limits one important aspect, namely branding, because it will focus on forming the Berkarya Party image as a new party that wants to attract young voters. As a new political party, the Berkarya Party certainly wants to introduce itself to the public. In the establishment of branding,  brand strategy is the concept theory to formed party image, one of which from brand strategy is the brand identity with the theory of impression management strategy. This study uses qualitative methods with qualitative content analysis methods. The technique of collecting data is obtained from the contents of existing messages on websites and social media created by the recipient. The results to be obtained from this research are the strategies carried out by those who succeeded in the 2019 campaign period in order to get votes from voters

A notary who is taking leave must hand over his/ her notary protocol to substitute notary. Thus, the substitute notary will be liable to the protocol of the notary that he/ she replaced. When a substitute notary holds a position, in addition to new jobs, there are still jobs that have not been completed by the notary that he/ she replaced. In carrying out the notarial practices, a notary may type incorrect information on a deed. Errors in typing a notary deed are not deliberate intention but merely negligence or carelessness of the notary. Therefore, the information written on a notary deed does not match the actual information that should be included in the deed. These thesis problems include: first is about the form of the liability of substitute notary in deed correction and the second is about the legal consequences of corrected deed by substitute notary. This research was conducted using normative juridical research methods. The results of the research showed that the form of liability of substitute notary is classified into four points, which include: the first is civil liability of substitute notary on the deed that he/ she made, second is the criminal liability of substitute notary on the deed that he/ she made, third is the liability of substitute notary based on Law on Notary Position on the deed that he/ she made, and fourth is liability of substitute notary in carrying out his/ her position based on a code of ethics. The liability of substitute notary is only limited to the deed that he/ she made. The liability for the deed ends since he/ she has stopped serving as substitute notary. Regarding legal consequences of the deed corrected by substitute notary, if it violates the provisions in Article 51 Law on Notary Position, it only has the power of proof as private deed. In this case, the party experiencing the loss has a reason to demand reimbursement, compensation, and interest to the notary.

Purpose of this study is to describe the comparison between SD Joyontakan No. 59 Surakarta and SD Cemara Dua Surakarta as an experimental group for developing an online IPS-based classmarker assessment. The research uses quantitative research. The research was carried out at SD Joyontakan No. 59 Surakarta and SD Cemara Dua Surakarta. Subjects in this study were fifth grade students of 20 elementary students in each elementary school. Data collection techniques in this study are questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques using statistical analysis in the form of a prerequisite test in the form of normality and homogeneity tests and t test with SPSS 22. The results showed the data value of 0.591/ 0.592 was greater than 0.05, so it was concluded that there was no difference in applying the evaluation of learning by using classmarker applications between SD Joyontakan No. 59 Surakarta and SD N Cemara Dua Surakarta.

Sport Taekwondo development in Indonesia, a lot progress, marked by the creation of some new record or increasing sports performance. but the achievement of this sport more and more degenerate. Here are many factors that cause deterioration of the Taekwondo homeland achievement. Leg muscle power, Agility is a physical condition that is needed in taekwondo. Different from abroad, mostly the game played taekwondo athletes overseas (Korea) relies Power, Agility. When viewed in logic, people who do kick, dodge or attack will increase the strength and speed and flexibility. It is expected to make the opponent difficulty in attacking or being attacked to make points. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the effect of plyometric training on power (2) the effect of plyometric training on agility (3) the effect of plyometric training on resting pulse rate (4) the effect of exercise Ladder Drill to power, (5) the effects of exercise Ladder against agility drill (6) the effect of exercise on the Ladder Drill resting pulse rate (7) differences in the effect of plyometric training and Ladder Drill on Power, Agility and resting pulse. Objectives of this study were students of Taekwondo Unesa SMEs and number of samples taken as many as 30 people were divided into 3 groups (2 experimental groups and 1 control group), the number of each group of 10 people.  

This research aims to find out the Implementation of the Democratic System in Indonesia Based on the Basic Law of the Republic of Indonesia year 1945 and Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, where the application of the democratic system in the value of "pseudo" because it does not work well, this can be seen various national policies that do not see the human rights. The method used is normative juridical. The research showed that: The implementation of the democratic system in Indonesia has not worked well. The policies carried out by the political elites in Indonesia are carried out unilaterally without thinking about the rights of Indonesian citizens. The law enforcement system has not been running optimally. Political education is still very low in corruption cases, which is quite high, difficulty in expressing opinions in public.

This study aims to determine and understand the form of Akidah Akhlak learning related to the concept of mahabbah (love) Rabi'ah Al-Adawiyah at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Junaidiyah Biru, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study with primary data being the teacher of Akidah Akhlak subject and secondary data are documents related to these subjects. The results showed that there were five aspects in the Akidah Akhlak subject related to the concept of mahabbah (love) which was popularized by Rabi'ah al-Adawiyah which was applied to Islamic education at Islamic Boarding School of Al-Junaidiyah Biru, Bone Regency, namely: Aspects of faith, commendable morals , aspects of despicable morals, aspects of etiquette, aspects of the story. The five aspects in this study can be realized well by the students

A solution was found to resolve the differences in the recitation of the Qur'an in the history of Islam in two main stages. The first phase of this issue was the plan to unite the Mushafs during the Ottoman period, but due to the shortcomings in the calligraphy of the Ottoman Mushafs, the goal was not achieved. The second step was to restore the calligraphy of the Mus'haf, in which only the Ajam and the Arabs of the Mus'haf were satisfied, and the other shortcomings of the Mus'haf remained unchanged due to the material. One of the most important shortcomings in the compilation of the Qur'an is related to the different methods of writing A. This issue, which in many cases has caused differences in recitation, has sometimes had its effect on the translation and interpretation of the Qur'an. A case study of the fourteenth verse of Surah Al-Ahzab and the phrase «la,atavha» This confirms this claim. Out of the twelve translations of the Qur'an below this verse, only four were translated correctly, and the rest were translated outside the main structure and in accordance with another reading.

The topics of sustainable development and climate change correlation, pollution, toxic-containing products, and unhealthy lifestyles in urban societies has become a phenomenal issue these days. These issues have evolved around the exploitation of natural resources. It is imperative that all stakeholders stop exploiting natural resources to create better and more sustainable living for today’s and the next generations.  To address the needs for a more sustainable living that have been endorsed by the millennial consumers, business doers claim that their products are eco-friendly and green products. This research is done to analyse the correlation between environmental knowledge and perceived consumer effectiveness in eco-friendly product buying by the millennial consumers. The online survey involving 102 millennial consumer respondents who lives in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tanggerang and Bekasi areas reveals that environmental knowledge does not significantly correlate with the millennial consumers’ eco-friendly product buying behaviour. The research also shows that perceived consumer effectiveness has a greater influence than environmental knowledge on the millennial consumers’ buying behaviour for eco-friendly products.

Physical fitness and mental health are among the most important elements influencing student success. However, sports science students' physical performance and mental wellbeing have received much too little consideration. This study aimed to obtain empirical data on university students' physical performance and mental health after the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted physical and mental health. This study determined the impact of the pandemic on the physical fitness and mental health of university students. This empirical study was conducted at two universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected in August 2023. Four hundred university students completed the self-administered survey. Three hundred thirty-seven students completed the survey in full. 70.6% were undergraduate students, the average semester was 3.8, and the average age was 22. 35.8% were female students and 64.2% were male students. The findings indicate that the student's physical fitness and their mental health is moderate. These results are relevant to regional and international audiences, as university students face similar physical and mental challenges after the pandemic and related public health interventions. Low-threshold initiatives are needed to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. These may include interventions to strengthen students' sense of control, belonging, relaxation, mindfulness, and counseling services. Gender differences need to be addressed.

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of Regional Original Income on Regional Asset Management in the Pamekasan Regency Government, the influence of Balancing Funds on Regional Asset Management in the Pamekasan Regency Government and the influence of Regional Financing Revenue on Regional Asset Management in the Pamekasan Regency Government. The population includes 42 Regional Work Units with a total population of 295 people (42 x 7 + 1= 295 people). Meanwhile, the total sample taken was 127 people (126 people in total from all Regional Work Units and added 1 person, namely the Regional Financial Management Officer). Data analysis in this research was carried out using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. The software used for structural analysis is SPSS AMOS 24. Research results show that Regional Original Income has a significant effect on Regional Asset Management, Balancing Funds have a significant effect on Regional Asset Management and Regional financing revenues have a significant effect on regional asset management. 

Maternal and child health is a global priority, with ongoing innovations in health education, including the use of information and communication technology. Studies have demonstrated that interoperable information systems can enhance the quality of health services while facilitating data integration for monitoring and evaluating the performance of health services, particularly in maternal and child health. This research is a descriptive qualitative study aimed at providing an overview of health service management. The findings revealed that the planning of maternal and child health programs is conducted in accordance with established policies, indicating that various efforts can be implemented to reduce maternal mortality rates. By 2022, North Sulawesi had successfully reduced its maternal mortality rate to 36 cases, which is below both the target of 40 cases and the national target of 228/100,000 live births. This achievement is attributed to the continuous optimization of health services, including infrastructure development, to ensure equitable access to quality healthcare for all local communities. The successful reduction of maternal mortality rates requires collaborative efforts from provincial health offices, districts/cities, hospitals, social services, public works offices, community and village empowerment offices, regional leaders, and the community itself. 

This study aims to analyze the effect of age, perceived organizational support, and communication on resistance to change at the Mataram City Environmental Service. With a quantitative research approach, the research sample consisted of 303 respondents from 784 employees of the Mataram City Environmental Service. The data analysis technique used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with the employed SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results of this study indicate that age has a negative and insignificant effect on resistance to change. Meanwhile, perceived organizational support has a positive but insignificant impact on resistance to change. Meanwhile, communication has a negative and significant effect on resistance to change in the Mataram City Environmental Service employees. The results of this study indicate differences and similarities with the research results as a reference that has been carried out in this study.

The increasing number of youth demography have been the concern of Indonesian government these past few years or in the future, and youth diplomacy have become the popular solution to approach this problem. Within the period of 2017 – 2020, this research aims to enhance the role of youth community especially student exchange community. Hereby, the focus on this research is how youth community (PERPIKA) could take part in the development of their human resources through their work program. The method that is used in this research is qualitative descriptive, so that this research could help to describe the process in details and as real as possible. The data is collected through observation through internship at Ministry of Foreign Affair of Indonesia, interview one of the members at PERPIKA and MoFA staff, and to complement the data, research through official document, report, online platform etc. is included. This Research discusses on how youth community such as Indonesian Student Exchange (PPI) in South Korea (PERPIKA) fulfil their role at developing human resource potential and productivity through youth and public diplomacy approach. Align with their role as a diplomacy actor, PERPIKA through their internal and external work program create a whole opportunity for their member to have a positive development, that include the development of youth, labor quality and labor productivity. This research will enlighten the view on how student community as one of the IR actors and their role to achieve work requirement skills and self-development in progress. It is also proven that international student community do have a significant role at many aspects such as impact to labor productivity, labor quality and other opportunities to experience the real world of work. And it shows in IPP an APO that the outcome always increases each year and there is a significant difference of number in the database for both youngsters and older.

This research aims to describe; the effect of the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model on students' mathematical communication skills and creativity; the instructional model that has a greater effect between the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model and the Direct Instruction model on students' mathematical communication skills; the instructional model that has a greater effect between the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model and the Direct Instruction model on students' creativity. The population in this study consisted of all seventh-grade students at SMPN 1 Sampung. This research is a quasi-experimental study. The samples were class VII A and VII B students. Class VII A was the experimental class using the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model, and class VII B was the control class using the Direct Instruction model. The data collection methods used were a mathematical communication skill test and a creativity questionnaire. The reliability of the instruments was confirmed using Cronbach's Alpha. To determine the influence of the applied instructional models, Hotelling’s T² test was used. To compare which instructional model had a greater effect, an independent samples t-test was employed. The results of the study show that: the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model had an effect on students’ mathematical communication skills and creativity; the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model had a greater effect than the Direct Instruction model on students' mathematical communication skills; the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) model had a greater effect than the Direct Instruction model on students' creativity.

The Mappadendang tradition, a rice harvest ceremony typical of the Bugis Wajo community in South Sulawesi, has a meaning rich in social, cultural, and religious values. This article aims to explore the symbolic interpretation and cultural values contained in Mappadendang music and performances through a semiotic approach. By identifying the denotative and connotative meanings of this music, this article explores how music functions as a symbol in the context of culture, beliefs, and the relationship of the Bugis community with nature, as well as identifying efforts to preserve this tradition amidst the flow of modernization. Data were obtained from several sources collected from various literature such as books, articles, and related journals. The results of the study show that Mappadendang is not only an expression of gratitude for the harvest, but also reflects the social structure of the Bugis Wajo community. The music and movements in the Mappadendang performance contain symbols that are full of meaning, reflecting noble values such as mutual cooperation, respect for ancestors, and the relationship between humans and nature. However, the Mappadendang tradition faces serious challenges due to the influence of cultural hybridization and technological developments. The lack of interest from the younger generation and the dominance of popular culture threaten the sustainability of this tradition.

The main goal is to evaluate the impact The cultural and artistic communication of mosques deepens the theological beliefs of Shia ¬. The mosque is the main cultural and social center ¬of the society; and it is one of the influential institutions, the foundation ¬of many developments in the country. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement ¬cultural programs in this important institution ¬. This research, with the method of qualitative research and analysis of the content and conducting ¬targeted sampling, conducted interviews with the guardians of Masajad, Hazrat Zainab ¬, Imam Jafar Sadiq, ¬peace be upon him, and Ansar al ¬- Hussein, peace be upon him, with the approach of communication and cultural functions. شnd the details of the cultural and communication programs ¬of this mosque have been loaded in the table of key points ¬¬. By examining a hundred key points and in Considering the similarity of concepts and ¬main categories, basic themes have been extracted. And by examining the similarities and overlaps between them, eight of the organizing themes ¬, which are actually the cultural functions of the mosque, have been counted, and ¬the approaches of education, enlightenment, culture ¬building, propaganda, service ¬, information, communication It was identified with the audience and guidance.

This research aims to examine violations of constitutional rights in relation to the science of victimology, because the view of victimology is that every crime victim must be protected by law. In fact, there is still a lot of violence, especially in the world of education, against children in Islamic boarding schools. Legally, in the provisions of Article 54 of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning child protection, it is stated that children in the school environment must be protected from acts of violence. carried out by teachers, school administrators, or friends at the school concerned, or other educational institutions. Various forms of violence in the school environment pose a threat to the implementation of education in Indonesia. The forms of legal protection provided in the educational process in Islamic boarding schools are protection of children from ignorance, protection of children from violence, protection of physical and mental health, protection of children's freedom, protection of students in educational units. Then it is implemented with the Child Friendly School or Child Friendly Islamic Boarding School program. However, this program has not yet been fully achieved because outreach has not been evenly distributed to Islamic boarding schools in South Lampung Regency. The form of law enforcement against unprotected children in Islamic boarding schools is through preventive and repressive measures. Preventive actions carried out by the South Lampung Regency Child and Protection Unit through the National Bimnas Unit carried out appeals and outreach to schools and the community, including Islamic boarding schools, regarding child protection. The next repressive action taken is that if a report is received, the Women and Child Protection Unit will act according to established procedures and carry out it in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. However, law enforcement against student violence still occurs quite a lot, due to obstacles for law enforcers in taking action both in preventive and repressive efforts.

This study examines the relationship between asset structure, capital structure, asset productivity, and operating activities and their impact on firm value. This research was conducted because so far many studies have been conducted in a partial nature, and generally only examined the effect of capital structure on company financial performance or on firm value, the effect of financial performance on firm value. In company operations, the function of financial management, namely investment decisions, funding decisions, asset management to achieve financial management objectives cannot be separated and influences each other. The research object is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2018. The number of samples studied was 109 companies with a total of 981 data. The research variables are asset structure (FATA), capital structure (TDR), asset productivity (FATO), operating activities (ROI), and firm value (Tobin's q). The data analysis tool is path analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM). The test results show that FATA has a positive effect on Tobin's q with TDR, FATO, and ROI as the mediating variables

The conscious presence of the armed forces in various fields, especially in the field of defense, is an essential requirement to realize the security and developmental needs of society. On the other hand, it is very important to establish the organization of the Armed Forces based on the major principles and constitute the command and commandment based on the Alawite teachings, through a wise manner, for the administration of affairs. Imam Ali (AS), who is considered to be the greatest commentator and interpreter of the Holy Qur’an and religious intentions after the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), has stated valuable statements in Nahj al-Balāgha in explaining the defense Readiness with an emphasis on the characteristic components of human capital, based on original teachings of Qur’an and Sunnah, whose identification has been the subject of action by the authors of this article. Therefore, in this paper, we identify and analyze the characteristic components by a qualitative content analysis to identify the true position of defense readiness in Nahj al-Balāgha. In the self-sustaining human capital characteristic components, 20% had the highest frequency compared to other components, and the "attraction and repulsion" component with 10.6%, is the second feature, and the "specialty and meritocracy", with 8.6% is the third feature of Military commanders and managers in the defense field regarding the abundancy.

The aimed that wants to be achieved in this research are: 1) Developing accountancy learning materials using inquiry basis to increase the critical thinking and learning achievement of students; 2) Knowing the effectiveness of accountancy learning materials using inquiry basis to increase the critical thinking and learning achievement of students.This research uses the research and development menthod from Borg and Gall. This research develops the accounting learning material using inquiry basis.The subject in this research Is the students of SMK N 1 of 11 Accounting. The learning materials developed have been validated by 4 validator. They are : 1) the language expert, 2) media expert, 3) material expert, 4) practitioner. The significant test uses post test only control design Model.The result of the research is as follow: 1) The result of the research is the accounting learning materials with inquiry basis. The learning materials which are developed are presented by using thr case that must be finished by the students based on the Inquiry basis learning scenario with the steps started by setting the hypothesis, making the experiment, collecting the data, analyzing the data, and making the conclusion. After doing the development, the validation to the learning materials is done. The result of validation shows 87,96% which means the learning materials developed are valid and they can be used to try out, 2) The product developed is proved to be significant to improve the ability of critical thinking and learning achievement. The result of try out shows the average score for the experiment class is 81,85 and the average score for control class is 71,97. The average score shows that the experiment class has higher score that the control class. Next to test the signification product, it is done by using t-test. The result of t-test shows that the significant score 0,0 or <0,05 means that H0 is refused and Ha is accepted. This shows that the development of inquiry basis accounting learning materials are proved significantly effective to improve the ability of critical thinking and the students' achievement.

This study aims to explain the payment system and the form of brideprice recording in traditional marriages. These two things are important to note considering that brideprice payments spend assets in large and varied amounts. This study uses the interpretive paradigm with phenomenology methods. Interviews were conducted with 2 informants. The results of the study show that there are two bride price payment systems, namely payments with paid off systems and installment systems. As for the recording system, it is a simple record without any debit and credit separation column and only contains the name of the cost and amount, the timing of the brideprice and the two parties conducting custom marriage in accordance with the accounting constructed in the Indigenous tribe of Uma Duakun Belu-Indonesia. 

Many religions across the globe and throughout history are well documented for human rights violations, both as victims of as well as being the perpetrators–from witch hunts to terrorism. Buddhism and the question of human rights violations however, seems to be an undeveloped issue that needs to be further explored. Through qualitative research, this article discusses some of the most horrifying human rights abuses relating to Buddhism.

This study analyzes the process of buying and selling of 3kg LPG with a cashless system to the welfare of the base owner reviewed from the perspective of Islamic economics. This study used qualitative research methods to understand the phenomena experienced by the research subject in behavior, perception, motivation, action, and others, then describe the state of the researcher's object about the conformity between theory and reality (empirical) that occurs.  The results showed that in accordance with the Islamic perspective, Buying and Selling with a cashless system is considered legitimate. From the information of key informan, namely AM, TM, RA, and JN, this transaction system can provide welfare from the Islamic point of view, namely maintaining religion (hifzud-din), guarding the soul (hifzun-nafs), guarding the mind (hifzun-aql), guarding offspring (hifzun-nasl) and guarding property (hifzun-maal). According to Islam, LPG gas is an item that deserves to be transacted, because it is a good that is needed, so that the existence of these goods is very helpful for the community in meeting the needs of food or treason, as well as other natural gas such as fuel which is also beneficial for humans.

This research aims to empirically test the influence of entrepreneurial leadership, work culture and organizational trust on employee engagement taken by employees. This research uses the quasi-method. The approach is used through the survey method with the path analysis approach. Data analysis techniques are done descriptively and inferentially. All hypothesis testing using the belief level a==0.05.  Based on the results of verified statistical testing that entrepreneurial leadership contributes to employee engagement. Based on the results of statistical hypothesis tests and discussions, the study produced the following conclusion: entrepreneurial leadership has a positive direct effect on employee engagement. This shows that if the leadership style of the entepreneur model is applied properly, it will have an impact on engaged Ministry of Religious Affairs employees.

Despite the fact that crime and punishment are personal, in answer to the question of whether other persons besides the perpetrators of the crime are responsible? According to the circumstances, a positive answer can be given. Over time, with the qualitative growth of laws, Vicarious liability was formed. Until 2013, the criminal liability of legal entities existed exceptionally in scattered laws. Legal doctrine has proposed different theories in this regard, which in general can be divided into two categories: "Fault doctrine" and " Risk doctrine ". Iranian law, according to the votes of the courts before and after the Islamic Revolution, is more inclined to the first theory; At the same time, in a few votes, the opposite opinion can be seen. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of the principle of criminal liability due to other behavior in Iranian law which is obtained based on the method of describing and analyzing legal materials and judicial opinions.

The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. By using primary and secondary legal materials, along with tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. The role of advocates in legal protection of suspects and defendants is very important in an examination, in addition to that, according to the expert opinion expressed by Philipus M. Hadjon that legal protection is the implementation of policies regarding dignity and recognition of the essential human rights possessed by legal subjects of unwholesome actions or acts of arbitrariness (abuse of power) to create justice and legal benefits for the community.

The Indonesian government issued Presidential Regulation Number 87 of 2017 concerning strengthening character education. From these regulations it can be seen that character education is not only the obligation of parents and schools, but also involves the roles and obligations of the community. Thus, it is necessary to develop a local wisdom or tradition so that it can become a vehicle for educating the values of mutual cooperation, especially for youth. This paper aimed to examine the tradition of the Rasulan from Gunung Kidul as a means for education related to the character values of mutual cooperation among youth. The method used in this research was a literature study which conducted by collecting references about the rasulan tradition from Gunung Kidul, the character values of mutual cooperation and youth. The results showed that there was a lot of values character education in mutual cooperation for youth in the rasulan tradition in Gunung Kidul. This means that the rasulan tradition from Gunung Kidul is not only a traditional event, but has led to the education of the character values of mutual cooperation for youth.

The Al-Mubarok Mosque, located in Nganjuk Regency, is a unique cultural heritage building, not only because of its age but also because of the presence of elements of cultural acculturation. This article formulates and answers the questions of 1) the history of the founding of the main building of the Al-Mubarok mosque, 2) the architectural style of the Al-Mubarok mosque; 3) the aesthetics of form the Al-Mubarok mosque, and 4) the embodiment of cultural acculturation that exists in the Al-Mubarok mosque. The results obtained were that the Al-Mubarok Mosque was founded by Kanjeng Jimat with the assistance of Prince Singosari as a form of spreading the Islamic religion on the basis of tolerance and acculturation, thus creating a unique form. The style used is traditional Javanese architecture in the form of a tajug lawakan lambang teplok with a three-tiered roof. The interior of the mosque is decorated with various floral and geometric motifs in shades of brownish red and gold. The main building is realized as a building that contains aesthetic forms, proven by the principles of aesthetic form according to De Witt H. Parker. The dominant aesthetic principle that emerges is the principle of theme. The overall theme of the building has traditional Javanese characteristics. As a building founded on the basis of acculturation, the Al-Mubarok mosque is equipped with unique tools in the form of yoni-bencet, bedug, and inscriptions.

The State of Indonesia is a unitary state that divides the regions into provinces, districts, and cities (the concept of decentralization). With the concept of decentralization, it is very natural for the State of Indonesia to implement arrangements related to financial relations between the central government and regional governments aimed at increasing Indonesia's economic growth in the scope of the central government and regional governments. This relationship is intended to increase the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) sector. PAD management can be done by paying attention to the source of income, one of which comes from regional levies. If classified, there are 18 types of fees, and parking fees are types of fees that have great potential in each region. In its journey, the parking levy has experienced a shift like its collection, with the existence of a subscription scheme. The subscription parking fee scheme its implementation has positive and negative impacts that are directly felt by the Regional Government and the community.

Good government institutions require highly qualified human resource standards. Capacity building training is urgently needed to achieve organizational goals. This study aims to see how effective the reaction of the administrator leadership trainees was given to Echelon III runners in Palopo City. This research uses a qualitative approach, with a descriptive method. The primary data source of the study was obtained from interviews with informants and reviewing the documents needed to support the primary data. The data analysis process includes condensing research data, presenting data, and drawing final conclusions. The results of the Reaction Effectiveness study on administrator leadership training showed that training alumni felt that the training facilities provided by the training organizers were adequate.  The obstacle faced by the participants was in the methodically blended learning process. The module model or material agreed upon by the speaker is still general, so it has not been able to provide skills or mastery of material that is in accordance with the phenomena faced in the workplace of each trainee which is found to be quite diverse and requires implementation solutions, therefore it is highly recommended to the organizers to be able to always update the training material in a timely manner to be relevant to the latest issues that will be faced by participants training when returning to their respective agencies.

Cyber diplomacy can be defined as diplomacy in the cyber domain or other words, the use of diplomatic resources and the performance of diplomatic functions to secure national interests related to cyberspace. These interests are generally identified in cyberspace or cybersecurity, which often include references to the diplomatic agenda. Cyberspace has become a contested political space, shaped by different interests, norms, and values. In light of this, the Paris Call represents a major effort to create an attractive multi-stakeholder structure for state actors seeking to complement intergovernmental negotiations and similar initiatives. This study uses qualitative research methods, using primary data in the form of journals taken through the website (google scholar, J-Stor, and Scopus). Paris Call for Confidence and Security in Cyberspace testifies to the active role played by France in promoting a safe, stable, and open cyberspace. In practice, the impact of the procedures for implementing the Paris Call principles is not transparently described. However, the Paris Call as an instrument of cyber diplomacy for France has shown success in rebuilding cooperative relations with countries that had previously conflicted with France.

This research begins with the highest values of the Toba Batak ethnic group in North Sumatera in Indonesia, which reflect the principle of family or kinship. A study of six hundred Toba Batak Umpasa (common sayings) reveals that they are deeply embedded in a cultural structure that emphasizes respect for one another. However, in reality, the Toba Batak people uphold the principle of Mardomu at tano rara, meaning there can be no peace until someone dies for not forgiving. This research aims to establish a dialogue between the mangalahat horbo tradition and the abrogation of the Torah in Ephesians 2:15 using grammatical and syntactic analysis. The results of the analysis will be synthesized using Stevan Bevans' approach. Thus, this paper concluded that the mangalahat horbo tradition and the abrogation of the Torah in Ephesians 2:15 not only restore damaged relationships but also result in a boundless reformation of relations among the Toba Batak ethnic group in North Sumatera, Indonesia.

Investment is widely recognized as a key driver of economic growth and development. In recent decades, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has emerged as a significant characteristic of the global economy, with a notable increase in FDI flows since the 1970s. This trend has made FDI a crucial element of growth strategies in both developed and developing countries. For developing nations, FDI is particularly important as a primary source of capital accumulation, especially in areas facing capital shortages. Developing countries typically address their capital needs through borrowing and FDI. While borrowing can be costly, FDI provides additional advantages, such as technology transfer, improved management practices, and valuable information, all contributing to economic development. FDI positively impacts growth processes, international business, and human capital accumulation. This research investigates the relationship between FDI and economic growth in India using a simple linear regression model with time series data from 1970 to 2013. The analysis employs E-Views and Excel, incorporating unit root tests for stationarity, the Zivot-Andrews structural break test, and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression. The findings reveal a positive relationship between FDI flows and economic growth in India, particularly since the economic reforms of the early 1990s, highlighting FDI's significant role in promoting economic growth in the country.

This study explores the contemporary jewelry design "Fulmala," inspired by the aesthetics and symbolism of Borobudur Temple. Using an iconographic approach, the research identifies visual elements transformed into the jewelry design, such as the lotus flower crown engraved at the base of Borobudur stupas, lava stone textures, and repetitive patterns reflecting the mandala structure of the temple. Fulmala combines materials such as gold, silver, and lava stone with a composition of gold, rose gold, and black colors to create a dynamic and meaningful design. The design process of Fulmala involves stages such as idea exploration, moodboard creation, sketching, technical detailing, and prototyping, resulting in a final product with high aesthetic and philosophical value. As part of the Lavani collection by Amero Jewellery, Fulmala was showcased at New York Fashion Week 2023 and featured in international events, introducing Indonesian culture to a global audience. This study highlights how cultural heritage can be adapted into contemporary jewelry designs with international appeal.

The oil grain production industry faces numerous challenges in managing costs efficiently while maintaining competitiveness and sustainability. This study proposes an integrated framework for improving the accounting and analysis of production costs in the oil grain sector. By leveraging advanced accounting techniques and sophisticated analytical tools, this framework aims to provide stakeholders with enhanced insights into cost structures, thereby enabling more informed decision-making processes. The proposed approach encompasses various aspects, including cost allocation methods, activity-based costing, variance analysis, and predictive modeling, to offer a holistic understanding of cost dynamics throughout the production cycle. Additionally, emphasis is placed on leveraging technological advancements such as data analytics and automation to streamline cost management processes and optimize resource utilization. Through the implementation of this framework, oil grain producers can achieve greater transparency, accuracy, and efficiency in cost accounting and analysis, ultimately contributing to improved financial performance and sustainable growth in the industry.

Patient satisfaction depends on the quality of service he gets. Service is all the efforts made to meet the desires of its customers with the services to be provided. Understanding all the needs and desires of patients is an important thing that affects patient satisfaction. This type of research uses quantitative research methods analytic survey form with a cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study were Social Security Administrator (BJPS) independent paying participants in the Inpatient Unit of the Lanto DG Pasewang Regional Hospital, Jeneponto Regency. The sample in this study was selected randomly at the Lanto DG Pasewang General Hospital in Jeneponto Regency with the number of samples based on the Stanley Lemeshow formula. The results of the study using the chi-square test, showed that the variable drug availability (0.008), affect patient satisfaction. This research is expected to be an input for Lanto Hospital with Pasewang to evaluate the dimensions of these variables and conduct surveys of inpatient satisfaction periodically to improve the quality of health services.

The employment agreement is the beginning of a working relationship between the Worker and the Company. Companies in the Oil and Gas business sector employ a lot of Workers with a Specific Time Work Agreement system (hereinafter referred to as PKWT) to reduce the cost of the Workers in order to increase the profits of the Company and in fact, many PKWT systems are not in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 13 the Year 2003 concerning Manpower and other legal rules governing Manpower, so that it harms and eliminates the protection of Workers with the PKWT system. The main problem in this study is how the legal protection of workers with the PKWT system at PT. Dayatama Polansa. This study uses a sociological juridical approach method that is an approach that emphasizes field practice is associated with aspects of the law or legislation in force.

The objectives of this research are 1) to find out the legal consequences of acquiring company of mining license holder that has not obtained government approval toward mining license transfer and control, 2) to find out the legal liabilities of company that acquires company of mining license holder. This legal research applies the method of normative juridical legal approach. The data analysis technique employs qualitative analysis. The results of this research revealed that the acquirer actually does not have any legal liability to the acquired party unless the acquirer is indeed proven to have committed bad faith during and after the acquisition process which could harm other parties including third parties. Thus, the acquirer can be held directly liable through the court or other ways. Meanwhile, the legal liability of the acquired party is that they must carry out an administrative process to the relevant agencies namely the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, to fulfill the provisions referred to in Article 93 of the Mineral and Coal Law. The party that acquires the company of mining license holder has the same obligation as the acquired party. The acquirer must comply with the provisions in the form of obligations which are required to the mining license holder such as the provisions of Article 95 up to 112 of Mineral and Coal Law.

This study was aimed at describing the types of writing strategy used by students on the perspective language proficiency and gender, and the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies of the students at English department in one of university in Indonesia. This research was a qualitative study. The subject of the study was fourth students at English department on the undergraduate program which grouped into male, female, poor writing, and good writing. The methods of collecting data were observation, interview, and questionnaire. Based on the research finding, the type of writing strategies used by the students on the perspective language proficiency and gender covered the six strategies proposed by Oxford, namely: memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective, and social strategy. The dominant writing strategy used by male students was memory strategy, whereas the female students was metacognitive strategy. And the dominant writing strategy used by the students having poor writing production was compensation strategy, whereas the students having good writing production was metacognitive strategy. Moreover, the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by male students were purpose of learning language, motivation, degree of awareness, learning style, and belief, whereas the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by female students were purpose of learning language, motivation, degree of awareness, learning style, belief, and learning environment. And the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by the students having poor writing were degree of awareness, belief, and proficiency, whereas the factors underlying the choice of writing strategies used by students having good writing were purpose of learning language, motivation, degree of awareness, and learning style.

The trend of saving in Islamic banks at this time has increased and can be said to be able to compete with conventional banks, the interest in saving in Islamic banks is influenced by various factors including the social environment and religiosity. So the purpose of this research was to determine the effect of social environment and religiosity on interest in saving in Islamic banks. The research methodology is ex-post facto with a quantitative approach. Respondents in this research were 60 Economic Education Students Class of 2016 at the University of Muhammadiyah Bengkulu which were taken by total sampling technique. The method of data analysis in this study uses multiple regression. The results of the research are as follows: 1). The social environment has a positive and significant influence on interest in saving in Islamic banks, 2). Religiosity has a positive and significant effect on interest in saving in Islamic banks, 3). The social environment and religiosity together affect the interest in saving in Islamic banks by 3.8% and 96.2% are influenced by variables outside this research.

This study aims to describe the effect of using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on students' historical thinking skills. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were class X students with a total population of 407 students, while the sample was class X IPA 2, totaling 40 students for the control class and X IPA 7, totaling 39 students for the experimental class. The sampling technique in this study was using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used the t-test independent sample t-test to see the effect of the model. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the use of the PBL model on the historical thinking skills of students of SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh which was confirmed with a significance value (Sig.) Less than 0.05. The average score of historical thinking skills in the experimental class is higher than the control class. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model has a significant impact on the improvement of historical thinking skills of students at SMA Negeri 1 Sungai Penuh.

The commentators and traditionists have long focused on the theory that Qur’ān has multiple Buṭūn (esoteric meanings). Most of the commentators believe that the Baṭn can be revealed by the exegetical narrations. Therefore, in interpreting Qur’ān, they have referred to narrations to express these Buṭūn. In their commentaries on some of the Qur’ānic verses, the contemporary Shiite commentators have referred to the Buṭūn of the verses based on the available narrations and have mentioned different types of Buṭūn and Ta'wīls (Hermeneutic Interpretation). There were some fundamental and practical disagreements among commentators about these narrations as well. This study investigates the Baṭn theory in Tafsīr al-Mīzān with regard to Tafsīr al-Furqān.

Creative arts are overly caricatured as non-essentially flossy and unmerited luxury particularly when executed in a jail setting. However, research suggests that art-based prison programs can significantly bear upon the lives of offenders. In this paper the authors make reference to this connotation in order to investigate the potential for an art-based prison program involving repeated viewing of emotionally laden paintings to influence attitudes towards crime among male sex offenders. Towards this goal the authors used a one group pretest-posttest quasi experimental design to assess the participants’ general attitudes to offending (G scale), anticipation of re-offending (A scale), victim hurt denial(V scale) and evaluation of crime as worthwhile(E scale). Rape and defilement convicts aged 18-45 years from Nairobi West Prison participated in sessions that were facilitated three times a week during the 5 week program. A paired T- Test showed statistically significant improvements between post-test1 and pre-test (t=-3.117, p-value=0.003) and between post-test2 and pre-test (t=-2.161, p-value=0.035). Positive results were found for three attitude measures; G scale, A-scale and E-scale. The findings suggest that participation in art prison programs involving repeated viewing of emotive artwork can be an effective intervention resulting in attitude change among male sex offenders.

Moment this lots Company which wrongly understood the type of work, which should use Agreement Work Time Certain, turns out in its implementation, it used Agreement Work Time Certain. This, of course, just harms labor because with the use of Agreement Work Time Certain, right to severance pay when dismissed becomes lost. Not only the right to severance pay but also allowances are not obtained for labor. The objective of this study is to know the Protection Law for employees from the Agreement Work Time Certain at PT. Sapphire Jaya Express and to understand the problems that happened with the Agreement Work Time Certain at PT. Sapphire Jaya Express. It happened that the law created work and effort, leading to a solution. The methodological approach used in this study is juridical informative, that is law conceptualized as norma, rule, basic or dogma-dogma. Results of the study show that protection law, post-decision court constitution, and enforcement law create work for employees based on the agreement work time certain from PT. Sapphire Jaya Express that is rule new IPP number 35 year 2021 in Chapter 14 mention obligation company for noted, with provision: agreement work time certain must be recorded by businessman on ministry which organizes business government of field employment regularly daring most old 3 (three) days of work since signatory agreement work time certain and obstacle which arises in the application of agreement work time certain on PT. Sapphire Jaya Express. The post-it happened law creates work and effort, leading to a solution. No fulfillment hak-hak labor during work on businessman or company, no carry out obligations in accordance with agreement work good from parties businessman nor parties labor, effort solution main can be done in problems which arise on PKWT with through consultation bipartite, mediation, conciliation, and arbitration.

In the nation, extensive measures are being adopted with the goals of accelerating structural change, modernizing and diversifying the core economic sectors, and fostering concurrent regional socioeconomic development. The economy's low level of energy efficiency, the wasteful use of natural resources, the sluggish pace of technological advancement, and the inadequate involvement of small businesses in the introduction of novel solutions for the growth of the "green economy" obstruct the achievement of the most important national objectives and tasks in the area of sustainable development of the nation. 

This paper explores the relationship between class struggle and multicultural understanding through the lens of Pierre Bourdieu's theories. Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital and its role in producing and reproducing social inequality is introduced. The unequal distribution of cultural capital creates a system of cultural domination, which can hinder multicultural understanding and perpetuate social injustice. This paper also discusses how habitus shapes individuals' perceptions of the world around them and how this can influence their ability to understand and appreciate other cultures. Habitus is strongly influenced by an individual's social class and cultural background, and this can create barriers to multicultural understanding. This paper describes the ways in which dominant cultural groups use their cultural capital to marginalize and exclude minority cultures. This creates a system of symbolic violence, which can further hinder multicultural understanding and perpetuate social injustice. In addition, this paper examines the potential of Bourdieu's ideas to inform social and political policies aimed at promoting multicultural understanding and reducing social inequality. By recognizing and valuing the cultural capital of different groups, and challenging the power of dominant cultural groups, a more inclusive and equitable society can be created. Overall, this paper highlights the importance of recognizing the impact of social class and cultural capital on multicultural understanding, and the potential for Bourdieu's theories to inform policies aimed at promoting social justice and reducing inequality.

The study aimed to analyze the concept of the industrial revolution of society 5.0 and finding the dialectical relationship between theology, humanity and technology. The study method used was content analysis. Based on the content analysis method, it was found that there was a potential for dehumanism and detheologism in the concept of the society 5.0 industrial revolution made by the Japanese government as an effort to improve the society 4.0 industrial revolution made by the German government. The results showed that there is a dialectical relationship between theology, humanity and technology.

This research is based on Social Exchange Theory and Customer Value Theory. The purpose of this study was to build an understanding of the role Functional Value, Social Value and Experiential Value on Customer Loyalty and its impact on Customer Satisfaction. Type of research is Explanatory Research. Data collection using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The number of samples was 400 Consumens of retailer of branded products in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia that using social media marketing in selling their product, and data analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS software. The results of this study indicate Functional Value have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, Social Value have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, Experiential Value have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on Customer Loyalty.

Natural resources hold a special position in Islamic jurisprudence. These resources refer to those that are created in nature without human intervention and encompass numerous examples. Islam, with its comprehensive and holistic perspective, asserts that the utilization of these resources is for all generations (the present era and future generations). Anfal, which is one of the manifestations of natural wealth, is—according to the belief of Shia jurists—under the authority of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams due to their esteemed status. In the present era, the Wali al-Faqih (Guardian Jurist) manages it in accordance with public interest. This research has been compiled using a descriptive-analytical method. There are differing opinions among Shia jurists regarding the examples of Anfal. In the terminology of Sunni jurists, Anfal differs from its definition in Shia jurisprudence and is considered part of war spoils. Shia and Sunni jurists hold different views on Fei, which is one of the instances of Anfal. Sunni jurists consider concepts such as Jaziya (poll tax) and Kharaj (land tax) as part of it. Generally, one of the characteristics of Anfal is that it is not privately owned, and its use is permitted only with the permission of the Wali al-Faqih for public welfare. In the case of Mubahat Amma (publicly permissible resources), utilization is allowed for the general public, and individuals can gain ownership through possession and appropriation without requiring the permission of the Islamic ruler. However, public property, which belongs to all people and is managed by the government, cannot be privately owned, and its destruction or unauthorized use is a crime. Principles such as the principle of non-ownership, justice, fairness, and environmental protection are among the governing principles governing natural resources.

This research aims to describe the types and factors that lead to the marginalization experienced by female characters in the serialized story Kêmbang Alas Jati by Albes Sartono. The subject of this research is the serialized story written by Albes Sartono, published in Kålåwarti Djaka Lodang from April 9 to August 13, titled Kêmbang Alas Jati. The data collection technique used is reading and note-taking. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique employs condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The validity of the data is obtained through semantic analysis. The types of marginalization experienced by the characters in the serialized story include the assumption that junior high school graduates are already suitable for work, the belief that education is not important for the future, restrictions on self-development, and limitations on the right to love. The causes are economic factors and social strata.

"Representation of Shia Muslim Life in Germany" is a cultural anthropological study on the religiosity of Hamburgian Shias. Using the qualitative method of sensory autoethnography, the researcher describes and analyzes his lived experiences and attempts to clarify how religion is embodied in the face of tradition and modernity. The results of the study indicate the cultural resilience of Shias in a spectrum of pluralism in the new ecosystem.

The most significant concern in teaching mathematical concepts is developing and improving mathematical communication skills. However, the reality reveals that communication skills possessed by students are still relatively low. This causes students’ difficulty in understanding the material, solving problems, and conveying mathematical ideas both in oral or written form. Furthermore, students’ teaching material is not adequate to support the expected learning goals. It creates students’ difficulty in understanding the materials and it doesn’t integrate mathematical communication skills. This study aims to develop teaching materials in the form of mathematics module based on reciprocal teaching to improve students' mathematical communication skills. This is a research development that employs Four-D model. Subjects of the study are the teachers and the seventh grade Junior High School. In collecting the data, the researchers employ observation, interviews, questionnaires, and mathematical communication skills test. The results show that teaching material in the form of module that is assessed by experts has reached excellent criteria in terms of material and media. The module is also practically used by students and teachers in the learning process. It means, module based on reciprocal teaching can improve students' mathematical communication skills

Fire disasters can occur anywhere and anytime. Therefore, fire disaster science needs to be taught to students through extracurricular activities. This study aims to measure students knowledge of fire disasters. The research data were obtained from a questionnaire given to respondents. The study population was all students of class XI with a total of 136. The sample selection was done by using students' random sampling techniques and using the Slovin formula, as many as 57 students obtained respondents. Data analysis was performed using the percentage formula. The results showed that the average student knowledge of 48% of students understood the fire disaster, 46% of the factors that caused the fire disaster, 42% understood the types of fire, 41% knew the type of light fire extinguishers, and 42% knew the classification symbol Fire. It can be concluded that the level of student knowledge of fire disasters is on average 47%. This shows that students' knowledge of fire disaster is still low.

Bad credit is caused by two factors, which are from the bank and from the customer. This study aimed to analyze the fine financing problems in the Islamic of Pawnshop Unit Bone according to Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) perspective. This research is a normative legal research using a sociological juridical approach. The primary data used are regulations or legal products from the Indonesian Ulama Council, namely the DSN-MUI fatwa regarding fines and direct interviews with employees and customers. Besides, the secondary data used was number of books that contain opinion Indonesian Ulama Council and other literature which is relevant to research. The results showed that the application of fines in financing problems in the islamic pawnshop Unit Bone of South Sulawesi had positive and negative impacts. The positive impact was giving a deterrent effect to customers who face the due while the negative impact is the waste of time for employees who have to work more than working hours. However, the impact of these fines did not reduce the performance of the South Sulawesi specially in the Islamic of Pawnshop Unit Bone in order to become a non-bank financial institution that is still in demand by the public and become a financial institution that can help the economy of Indonesian society, among them is the society in Bone, South Sulawesi. It is because people in Bone regency tend to open up business as their economic livelihoods.

This article examines the noble values of kalwedo culture that are integrated in the traditional marriage rituals of the West Babar community. The purpose of this study is to study the ritual stages in customary marriage in Southwest Moluccas as well as the meaning and local culture in it. This study uses qualitative methods with data retrieval techniques in the form of observation, interviews and literature studies. The results of the study show that: There are three phases of customary marriage rituals in West Babar, namely the ratutri rania (engagement), rlarawaka tutawula (specialization), and the marriage phase. In its application integrated kalwedo cultural values such as religion, cooperation, mutual cooperation, mutual respect, and social care. These values need to be preserved as part of the local wisdom of the community.

The tourism sector is one of the major economic contributors to most countries. Island tourism is one of the important tourism products of a country and is able to catalyse socio-economic development for the local communities. In Malaysia, studies on local entrepreneurship development in Tioman Island has not been given much attention by researchers. To fill this gap, this study aims to provide information on the field of entrepreneurial tourism in Tioman Island. The main objective of this study is to identify the characteristics of the island community as a tourism entrepreneur and to analyse the problems and challenges faced by the island's tourism entrepreneurs. The findings show that the majority of entrepreneurs are male, aged between 25 to 44, receive education until secondary school and married. Most of the local tourism entrepreneurs run the food and beverage business and manage their businesses for 11 to 15 years and earn a monthly income of RM2001 to RM4000. The local tourism operators also face a few problems such as capital and finance, marketing, business management and infrastructure. At the same time, the entrepreneurs also expect collaboration from the government to play an important role in advancing the island's tourism industry. At the same time, local tourism entrepreneurs also expect cooperation from the government and other authorities to play a role in developing the island's tourism industry.

This study aims to determine the contribution of the Central Sulawesi Provincial Police in the success of the Covid-19 Vaccination Program. The qualitative method was used in this study through in-depth data collection involving four (4) main sources in the Public Relations Division who had been selected based on purposive sampling technique, through data collection in the form of observations and interviews. The results shows that the Central Sulawesi Regional Police, have carried out various activities since the Covid-19 pandemic occurred. Starting to spread appeals about health protocols, providing social assistance in the form of food packages to affected community groups. In addition, spraying disinfectants in several locations such as schools, houses of worship, and other public places. The distribution of hand sanitizers and masks continues to be carried out regularly. Socialization of PPKM (Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities) is also carried out so that the community understands better. They strives that all activities carried out related to the Covid-19 response continue to be published to help achieve the central government's targets, including the Covid-19 vaccination program through the use of both conventional communication media consisting of radio, TVRI, and print media (newspapers), as well as online media in the form of the Tribanews Website. In addition, social media also plays an important role such as Instagram @bidhumaspoldasulteng, Facebook @Bidhumas Polda Sulteng, Twitter @humaspoldasulteng, as well as field socialization through Bhabinkamtibmas (Bhayangkara Supervisor of Security and Public Order) and dialogical patrols by the Samapta Bhayangkara Unit (Sat Sabhara).

Responding to the spread of COVID-19 which has an impact on changes in the learning system in the education sector. The pandemic has changed learning activities from face-to-face to distance learning. Meanwhile, teachers need careful preparation in changing the learning system. The purpose of this study is to reveal teachers' perceptions of the learning needs of the COVID-19 pandemic era. This study uses a case study design involving elementary school teachers. Data were collected using a survey with an open questionnaire and interviews. The results of the survey conducted show that teachers have obstacles and needs in learning in the COVID-19 era so they need support from various parties.

Measurement of teacher competence through TPACK is very important to do. However, the majority of the instruments used to measure TPACK for elementary school teachers are not yet in line with the needs of the 21st Century. This study aims to develop a TPACK instrument for elementary school teachers in a valid and reliable Mathematic lesson. This study uses the quantitative research. The study sample involved 1490 teacher in elementary school,  grade IV, V, and VI teachers from state and private elementary schools with A level of accreditation, spread across fourteen sub-districts in the Kabupaten Bogor. Data analysis techniques use Winsteps 4.0.1. So that, overall, this instrument can be used to measure TPACK of elementary school teachers in the content of mathematics lessons. This instrument can be used to map teacher competencies based on TPACK values. Furthermore, if there are some weaknesses in the 7 aspects of the TPACK, policy makers can determine the follow-up that needs to be determined to further improve the competence of elementary school teachers. The dimensions that stand out in this research are lesson content, teaching approach, technology, pedagogy, content, and mathematics.

The school’s learning history can form a nationalist attitude, or serve as a moral education for students or learners. Therefore, the history subject can be used as a tool to form a nationalist attitude through educational institutions or schools, which can be seen from the changes in the attitude of the history subject and the learning outcomes of students. The research method used is quantitative, the quasi-experimental method is adopted, and the research design is a non-equivalent design. The sampling method in this study is purposeful sampling. The data analysis technique used in this study is independent testing. According to the completed data analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: The influence of iSpring suite learning media on students' learning interest can be seen from the calculation results of the independent sample test. The value of this sample is 0.000, which is less than the standard significance value, which is 0.005. This means that there is an influence between the post-experiment and post-control values, that is, the post-control value 61.03 and the post-experiment value 71.57, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. In addition, there is a difference between the interest value between the control class and the experimental class, which is 6.54, where the interest value of the experimental class bigger than the control interest value, or it can be said that iSpring suite media is better than PowerPoint media. This is also supported by the advantages of this media, which can convey material through images, videos, music, animation, and media based on computer-based assessment questions.

This study examined the influence of job characteristics and work life balance on job satisfaction and performance of female partners in Gojek Service in Mataram City. Specifically the purpose of this study was to determine the significance of the influence of job characteristics, work life balance, and job satisfaction on the performance of female partners, to know the significance of job characteristics and work life balance on job satisfaction, and to know the mediating role of variable job satisfaction in female partners in Gojek Service in Mataram City. The study population was 46 female partners in Gojek Service in Mataram City. This study uses structural equation model analysis (SEM analysis) with smartPLS applications. The results showed that job characteristics and job satisfaction had a significant positive effect on the performance of female partners, while work life balance did not significantly affect performance. Job characteristics and work life balance have a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. For the influence of mediation on job satisfaction, there is a full mediating role in the influence of work life balance on female partners performance, while the influence of job characteristics on the performance of female partners is found to have a partial mediation effect.

Many cases of serious human rights violations in Indonesia have yet to be resolved completely. Every change in the presidency and vice presidency, issues regarding serious human rights violations are always brought up, especially the Semanggi I case; however, until now, there has been no concrete resolution undertaken by the government. This research will discuss the issue using a normative juridical research method. The research concludes that the resolution of the Semanggi I case as a serious human rights violation, although designed through a National Human Rights Commission (Komnas HAM) investigation team (KKR), the resolution process has not been completed and can be seen as "stuck in place".

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of encouraging the transition of untaxed business to the formal sector. In addition, some features of the untaxed (informal) business have been investigated, as well as the advantages of the shadow economy and recommendations on the transfer of untaxed business to the official one in Uzbekistan have been formulated. 

The demonstration of the cognitive value of religious beliefs has been an important concern for religious scholars. This issue in the field of Quranic studies is also among the concerns of Muslim scholars and Quranic scholars. The school of pragmatism tries to assess the cognitive value of religious beliefs by relying on action and practices.  The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the validity of pragmatist criteria for religious beliefs based on the Quranic teachings. In this regard, pragmatism as a criterion in the determination and evaluation of the epistemological value of religious beliefs is not incompatible with the Qur'anic teachings, but there are several verses from the Holy Qur'an that include pragmatist songs in such a way that, regardless of the rejection or acceptance of the necessity of reasoning, the cognitive value of beliefs is considered to be the result of practical beliefs. This research was conducted as a critical analysis and the results of the analysis show that the Holy Qur'an approves them in two positive ways in assessing beliefs rather than providing rational reasoning with a tangible result.